PART 1: Open Cloze
Brazil's coffee growers had a problem in the 1930s - record harvests had caused the coffee price to plummet. Growers were 1_____________ to burn or dump millions of tons of coffee beans into the sea to bolster the 2___________.
The Brazilian Coffee Institute 3____________ Nestlé, the Swiss food company, to see if it could come up with new 4_____________ based on coffee. Nestlé had already made a 5___________ for itself by producing powdered milk and chocolate, and preserving other perishable foodstuffs.
Nestlé's scientists, after several years of 6___________, found that they were able to retain the aroma and taste of coffee in a soluble form by adding hydrocarbons. The result went on 7_________ in 1938 as Nescafé.
UK production began the following year at Nestlé's factory in west London. But the war intervened, slowing 8___________ of Nescafé and other Nestlé products. The group's 9_________ crashed from $20m in 1938 to $6m in 1939, and it moved part of its operations from isolated Switzerland to Stamford, Connecticut.
But help was at 10___________ . US troops pouring across Europe and Asia found Nescafé in their ration packs. Liberated populations, many of whom had been drinking ersatz 11_________ made from acorns and had little 12.__________ of real coffee imports for some time to come, quickly 13___________ a taste for the instant coffee carried by their liberators
In one year the whole 14____________ of the Nescafé's US plant went to the armed forces.
Continued research at Nestlé led to a new 15_________ producing a soluble residue which was 100% coffee. This was 16___________ under the Nescafé name in 1952 , just in time to 17_________ from the boom in coffee drinking as young people flocked to coffee bars to listen to the new rock and roll music.
KEY
Grounds for something/for doing something a good or true reason for saying, doing or believing something. E.g. You have no grounds for complaint. What were his grounds for wanting a divorce? The case was dismissed on the grounds that there was not enough evidence. He retired from the job on health grounds. Employers cannot discriminate on grounds of age.
grounds [plural] (N) the small pieces of solid matter in a liquid that have fallen to the bottom. Sp. posos. E.g. coffee grounds.
dregs: [plural] the last drops of a liquid, mixed with little pieces of solid material that are left in the bottom of a container. Sp. posos. E.g. coffee dregs
1. forced
2. price
bolster: /ˈbəʊlstə(r)/ to improve something or make it stronger. E.g. bolster something to bolster somebody's confidence/ courage/ morale. Bolster something up Falling interest rates may help to bolster up the economy.
3. approached
4. products
5. name
E.g. He's made quite a name for himself (= become famous).
foodstuff: (usually plural foodstuffs) any substance that is used as food. E.g. basic foodstuffs.
6. research
7. sale
8. exports
9. profits
crash: (of prices, a business, shares, etc.) to lose value or fail suddenly and quickly. E.g. Share prices crashed to an all-time low yesterday. The company crashed with debts of £50 million.
10. hand
(close/near) at hand: close to you in time or distance. E.g. Help was at hand. The property is ideally located with all local amenities close at hand.
pour + adverb/preposition: to come or go somewhere continuously in large numbers. Flood. E.g. Letters of complaint continue to pour in. Commuters came pouring out of the station.
11. coffee
ersatz: /ˈeəzæts/ artificial and not as good as the real thing or product. E.g. ersatz coffee.
acorn: /ˈeɪkɔːn/ the small brown nut of the oak tree, that grows in a base shaped like a cup. Sp. bellota. E.g. great/tall oaks from little acorns grow (saying) something large and successful often begins in a very small way.
12. hope
13. developed
14. output
output: the amount of something that a person, a machine or an organization produces. E.g. Manufacturing output has increased by 8%.
15. process
16. launched
17. benefit
boom: to have a period of rapid growth; to become bigger, more successful, etc. E.g. By the 1980s, the computer industry was booming. Business is booming!
flock: to go or gather together somewhere in large numbers. E.g. + adverb/preposition Thousands of people flocked to the beach this weekend.
PART 2: Wordformation cloze
Further research by Nestlé's 1__________ (SCIENCE) to capture more fully the taste of home-made coffee resulted in the 2___________ (INVENT) of the freeze-drying process in 1966 and the launch of Nescafé Gold Blend.
In simple terms, Nescafé is made by selecting the right mix of beans, extracting liquid coffee in much the same way as the conventional coffee machine, and then freeze-drying the results.
The 3____________ (TECHNOLOGY) skills lie in the roasting, extracting and 4_____________ (HYDRATE) processes employed.
There are two basic coffee plants: arabica, a highly 5_________ (AROMA) variety grown in central and south America and the east coast of Africa at altitudes between 600 and 2,000 metres, and robusta, a more pungent, stronger-tasting coffee grown below 600 metres in parts of Africa and Asia. Arabica accounts for two-thirds of world coffee 6___________ (PRODUCE), robusta for the rest.
Nestlé estimates that on average 3,000 cups of Nescafé are drunk every second, with an overall 7______________ (CONSUME) of not fewer than 100bn cups per year. More than 40m cups of Nescafé are drunk every day in Britain, where instant coffee is drunk in 93% of homes.
In 1974 the Nestlé board, concerned about the company's 8___________ (DEPEND) upon 9__________ (CERTAIN) commodity prices and sources of supply in politically and economically unstable regions, decided to 10_________ (DIVERSE) outside its core food business. The company bought a large stake in the French cosmetics group L'Oréal.
In the next three years the price of coffee and cocoa, two of Nestlé's main raw materials, soared in price. The coffee price quadrupled and cocoa tripled. Nevertheless, Nescafé continued to be a big 11_________ (SELL), and a greater variety of coffee drinks was brought out under its brand name. These included Blend 37, with a more 12_____________ (CONTINENT) coffee taste, an after-dinner coffee using just arabica beans, 13____________ (CAFFEINE) Nescafé and an instant cappuccino.
In the 1960s Nescafé started to replace its tins with glass jars. More 14_____________ (STRIKE) was its 1980s-90s Gold Blend TV campaign, a mini soap opera about the developing 15____________ (RELATION) between a young couple. It grabbed the nation's attention, perhaps more for its story line than the product.
KEY
1. scientists
2. invention
freeze-dry something to preserve food or drink by freezing and drying it very quickly.
3. technological
4. dehydrating
arabica: /əˈræbɪkə/ coffee or coffee beans from the most common type of coffee plant.
5. aromatic /ˌærəˈmætɪk/
robusta: /rə(ʊ)ˈbʌstə/ coffee or coffee beans from a widely grown kind of coffee plant. Beans of this variety are often used in the manufacture of instant coffee.
pungent /ˈpʌndʒənt/ having a strong taste or smell. E.g. the pungent smell of burning rubber. The air was pungent with the smell of spices.
6. production
7. consumption
8. dependence
9. uncertain
commodity: a product or a raw material that can be bought and sold. Producto, materia prima. E.g. rice, flour and other basic commodities. A drop in commodity prices.
10. diversify
core: the most important or central part of something. E.g. the core of the argument. Concern for the environment is at the core of our policies.
stake: money that somebody invests in a company. Sp. inversión. E.g. a 20% stake in the business. A controlling/ majority/ minority stake.
cocoa /ˈkəʊkəʊ/ dark brown powder made from the crushed seeds (called cocoa beans) of a tropical tree. Sp cacao.
soar: if the value, amount or level of something soars, it rises very quickly. E.g. soaring costs/ prices/ temperatures. Air pollution will soon soar above safety levels. Unemployment has soared to 18%.
11. seller
12. continental
13. decaffeinated
14. striking
15. relationship
The Guardian
Brazil's coffee growers had a problem in the 1930s - record harvests had caused the coffee price to plummet. Growers were 1_____________ to burn or dump millions of tons of coffee beans into the sea to bolster the 2___________.
The Brazilian Coffee Institute 3____________ Nestlé, the Swiss food company, to see if it could come up with new 4_____________ based on coffee. Nestlé had already made a 5___________ for itself by producing powdered milk and chocolate, and preserving other perishable foodstuffs.
Nestlé's scientists, after several years of 6___________, found that they were able to retain the aroma and taste of coffee in a soluble form by adding hydrocarbons. The result went on 7_________ in 1938 as Nescafé.
UK production began the following year at Nestlé's factory in west London. But the war intervened, slowing 8___________ of Nescafé and other Nestlé products. The group's 9_________ crashed from $20m in 1938 to $6m in 1939, and it moved part of its operations from isolated Switzerland to Stamford, Connecticut.
But help was at 10___________ . US troops pouring across Europe and Asia found Nescafé in their ration packs. Liberated populations, many of whom had been drinking ersatz 11_________ made from acorns and had little 12.__________ of real coffee imports for some time to come, quickly 13___________ a taste for the instant coffee carried by their liberators
In one year the whole 14____________ of the Nescafé's US plant went to the armed forces.
Continued research at Nestlé led to a new 15_________ producing a soluble residue which was 100% coffee. This was 16___________ under the Nescafé name in 1952 , just in time to 17_________ from the boom in coffee drinking as young people flocked to coffee bars to listen to the new rock and roll music.
KEY
Grounds for something/for doing something a good or true reason for saying, doing or believing something. E.g. You have no grounds for complaint. What were his grounds for wanting a divorce? The case was dismissed on the grounds that there was not enough evidence. He retired from the job on health grounds. Employers cannot discriminate on grounds of age.
grounds [plural] (N) the small pieces of solid matter in a liquid that have fallen to the bottom. Sp. posos. E.g. coffee grounds.
dregs: [plural] the last drops of a liquid, mixed with little pieces of solid material that are left in the bottom of a container. Sp. posos. E.g. coffee dregs
1. forced
2. price
bolster: /ˈbəʊlstə(r)/ to improve something or make it stronger. E.g. bolster something to bolster somebody's confidence/ courage/ morale. Bolster something up Falling interest rates may help to bolster up the economy.
3. approached
4. products
5. name
E.g. He's made quite a name for himself (= become famous).
foodstuff: (usually plural foodstuffs) any substance that is used as food. E.g. basic foodstuffs.
6. research
7. sale
8. exports
9. profits
crash: (of prices, a business, shares, etc.) to lose value or fail suddenly and quickly. E.g. Share prices crashed to an all-time low yesterday. The company crashed with debts of £50 million.
10. hand
(close/near) at hand: close to you in time or distance. E.g. Help was at hand. The property is ideally located with all local amenities close at hand.
pour + adverb/preposition: to come or go somewhere continuously in large numbers. Flood. E.g. Letters of complaint continue to pour in. Commuters came pouring out of the station.
11. coffee
ersatz: /ˈeəzæts/ artificial and not as good as the real thing or product. E.g. ersatz coffee.
acorn: /ˈeɪkɔːn/ the small brown nut of the oak tree, that grows in a base shaped like a cup. Sp. bellota. E.g. great/tall oaks from little acorns grow (saying) something large and successful often begins in a very small way.
12. hope
13. developed
14. output
output: the amount of something that a person, a machine or an organization produces. E.g. Manufacturing output has increased by 8%.
15. process
16. launched
17. benefit
boom: to have a period of rapid growth; to become bigger, more successful, etc. E.g. By the 1980s, the computer industry was booming. Business is booming!
flock: to go or gather together somewhere in large numbers. E.g. + adverb/preposition Thousands of people flocked to the beach this weekend.
PART 2: Wordformation cloze
Further research by Nestlé's 1__________ (SCIENCE) to capture more fully the taste of home-made coffee resulted in the 2___________ (INVENT) of the freeze-drying process in 1966 and the launch of Nescafé Gold Blend.
In simple terms, Nescafé is made by selecting the right mix of beans, extracting liquid coffee in much the same way as the conventional coffee machine, and then freeze-drying the results.
The 3____________ (TECHNOLOGY) skills lie in the roasting, extracting and 4_____________ (HYDRATE) processes employed.
There are two basic coffee plants: arabica, a highly 5_________ (AROMA) variety grown in central and south America and the east coast of Africa at altitudes between 600 and 2,000 metres, and robusta, a more pungent, stronger-tasting coffee grown below 600 metres in parts of Africa and Asia. Arabica accounts for two-thirds of world coffee 6___________ (PRODUCE), robusta for the rest.
Nestlé estimates that on average 3,000 cups of Nescafé are drunk every second, with an overall 7______________ (CONSUME) of not fewer than 100bn cups per year. More than 40m cups of Nescafé are drunk every day in Britain, where instant coffee is drunk in 93% of homes.
In 1974 the Nestlé board, concerned about the company's 8___________ (DEPEND) upon 9__________ (CERTAIN) commodity prices and sources of supply in politically and economically unstable regions, decided to 10_________ (DIVERSE) outside its core food business. The company bought a large stake in the French cosmetics group L'Oréal.
In the next three years the price of coffee and cocoa, two of Nestlé's main raw materials, soared in price. The coffee price quadrupled and cocoa tripled. Nevertheless, Nescafé continued to be a big 11_________ (SELL), and a greater variety of coffee drinks was brought out under its brand name. These included Blend 37, with a more 12_____________ (CONTINENT) coffee taste, an after-dinner coffee using just arabica beans, 13____________ (CAFFEINE) Nescafé and an instant cappuccino.
In the 1960s Nescafé started to replace its tins with glass jars. More 14_____________ (STRIKE) was its 1980s-90s Gold Blend TV campaign, a mini soap opera about the developing 15____________ (RELATION) between a young couple. It grabbed the nation's attention, perhaps more for its story line than the product.
KEY
1. scientists
2. invention
freeze-dry something to preserve food or drink by freezing and drying it very quickly.
3. technological
4. dehydrating
arabica: /əˈræbɪkə/ coffee or coffee beans from the most common type of coffee plant.
5. aromatic /ˌærəˈmætɪk/
robusta: /rə(ʊ)ˈbʌstə/ coffee or coffee beans from a widely grown kind of coffee plant. Beans of this variety are often used in the manufacture of instant coffee.
pungent /ˈpʌndʒənt/ having a strong taste or smell. E.g. the pungent smell of burning rubber. The air was pungent with the smell of spices.
6. production
7. consumption
8. dependence
9. uncertain
commodity: a product or a raw material that can be bought and sold. Producto, materia prima. E.g. rice, flour and other basic commodities. A drop in commodity prices.
10. diversify
core: the most important or central part of something. E.g. the core of the argument. Concern for the environment is at the core of our policies.
stake: money that somebody invests in a company. Sp. inversión. E.g. a 20% stake in the business. A controlling/ majority/ minority stake.
cocoa /ˈkəʊkəʊ/ dark brown powder made from the crushed seeds (called cocoa beans) of a tropical tree. Sp cacao.
soar: if the value, amount or level of something soars, it rises very quickly. E.g. soaring costs/ prices/ temperatures. Air pollution will soon soar above safety levels. Unemployment has soared to 18%.
11. seller
12. continental
13. decaffeinated
14. striking
15. relationship
The Guardian
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