the small structures on the tongue that allow you to recognize the flavours of food and drink. Papilas gustativas. E.g. Taste buds probably play the most important part in helping you enjoy the many flavors of food.
mango: /ˈmæŋɡəʊ/ plural mangoes or mangos.
redcurrant: /ˌredˈkʌrənt/ /ˈredkʌrənt/ a very small red berry (a small fruit that grows on a bush. Sp. fruta del bosque). E.g. redcurrant jelly. A redcurrant bush. Sp. grosella roja.
passion fruit: (plural passion fruit) a small tropical fruit with a thick purple skin and many seeds inside, produced by some types of passion flower. Sp. maracuyá.
Raspberry: /ˈrɑːzbəri/ plural raspberries. A small dark red soft fruit that grows on bushes. Sp. Frambuesa. E.g. Raspberry jam.
Tangerine: /ˌtændʒəˈriːn/ a type of small sweet orange with loose skin that comes off easily. Sp. Mandarina.
Kiwi fruit: Plural: kiwi fruit, also kiwi. A small fruit with thin brown skin covered with small hairs, soft green flesh and black seeds.
Ruby: /ˈruːbi/ a dark red colour. E.g. ruby lips. Ruby grapefruit.
Blood orange: a type of orange with red flesh. Sp. Naranja de sangre.
Star fruit: /ˈstɑːfruːt/ plural: star fruit. A green or yellow tropical fruit with a shape like a star. Sp. Carambola.
durian: /ˈdʊəriən/ a large tropical fruit with a strong unpleasant smell but a sweet flavour. E.g. A durian is stinky (it has an extremely bad smell)
prickly pear: /ˌprɪkli ˈpeə(r)/
1. a type of cactus with prickles (= sharp parts like needles), and yellow flowers.
2. the reddish fruit of the prickly pear that is shaped like a pear and can be eaten. E.g. prickly pears are used as food, as well as alternative medicine treatments, as they have a wealth of nutrients. It is important not to eat any of the skin of prickly pears since they are covered in spines/ thorns. They have a firm to mushy (soft and thick) texture, and there are many seeds in the middle.
Adjectives
(of plants, fruit) thick and soft. Sp. Carnoso. E.g. fleshy fruit/ leaves.
Sensuous:
/ˈsents ju‿əs/ giving pleasure to your senses. E.g. Sensuous music. The avocado is a sensuous fruit: smooth and creamy as mousse.
Chewy:
/ˈtʃuːi/ needing to be chewed a lot before it can be swallowed. E.g. Dried fruit can be a bit chewy.
Watery:
1. containing a lot of water. E.g. Watermelons are watery. 2. (of food, drink, etc.) containing too much water; thin and having no taste. Sp. Aguado. E.g. The vegetables were watery and tasteless. Watery soup.
Tender:
easy to bite through and cut. E.g. This meat is extremely tender. Boil the beans until they are tender.
Luscious:
/ˈlʌʃəs/ having a strong pleasant taste. Delicious. E.g. Luscious fruit.
Fibrous:
/ˈfaɪbrəs/ made of many fibres; looking like fibres. Sp. Fibroso. E.g. fibrous roots.
Sharp:
strong and slightly bitter. Sp. Ácido. E.g. The cheese has a distinctively sharp taste.
Appetising
/ˈæpɪtaɪzɪŋ/ that smells or looks attractive; making you feel hungry or thirsty. E.g. the appetizing aroma of sizzling bacon. The meals he cooked were always nourishing /ˈnʌrɪʃɪŋ/ but never particularly appetizing.
Sugary:
containing sugar; tasting of sugar. E.g. sugary snacks. Remember that banana is a sugary fruit.
juicy:
/ˈdʒuːsi/ containing a lot of juice and good to eat. E.g. soft juicy pears. The meat was tender and juicy.
Exquisite:
/ɪkˈskwɪzɪt/ extremely beautiful. E.g. The watermelon is an exquisite fruit that probably comes from Tropical and Subtropical Africa, as it was farmed in the Nile Valley (present-day Egypt)
Pulpy:
/ˈpʌlpɪ/ having a soft or soggy consistency. E.g. Pulpy fruit.
Overripe:
too ripe. E.g. Overripe fruit.
Heavenly:
very pleasant. Sp. Divino. E.g. a heavenly morning/ feeling. This place is heavenly. Grape is a heavenly fruit that contains A,B,C vitamins.
Tart:
/tɑːt/ acid or having an unpleasant sour taste. Sp. Ácido, agrio. E.g. lemons are tart. Tart apples.
Blissful:
/ˈblɪsfl/ 1. Extremely happy; full of joy. E.g. We spent three blissful weeks away from work.2. Providing perfect happiness or great joy. On offer today was some blissful strawberries and cream.
A mango is fleshy, juicy when ripe, and rather sensuous. Redcurrants are quite sharp but they are very appetising, and look exquisite as a garnish – like bright red beads. Lemons can be quite fibrous and their juice is sour.
garnish:
a small amount of food that is used to decorate a larger dish of food. E.g. a garnish of tomato. Keep some olives to one side for garnish.
bead:
a small piece of glass, wood, etc. with a hole through it, that can be put on a string with others of the same type and worn as jewellery, etc. E.g. a necklace of wooden beads. A bead curtain separated the two rooms.
Ex 2
- Soar: /sɔː(r)/ if the value, amount or level of something soars, it rises very quickly. Dispararse. E.g. soaring costs/prices/temperatures. Air pollution will soon soar above safety levels. Unemployment has soared to 18%.
- Wilt: /wɪlt/ 1. If a plant or flower wilts, or something wilts it, it bends towards the ground because of the heat or a lack of water. Marchitarse. 2. To become weak or tired or less confident. E.g. The spectators were wilting visibly in the hot sun. He was wilting under the pressure of work.
- Stack (something) (up): to arrange objects neatly in a pile; to be arranged in this way. E.g. To stack boxes. Logs stacked up against a wall. Do these chairs stack? Stacking chairs.
- Wicker: (U) thin sticks of wood twisted together to make baskets, furniture, etc. Mimbre. E.g. A wicker chair. Wicker baskets.
- Lay out: to plan how something should look and arrange it in this way. Trazar. E.g. The gardens were laid out with lawns and flower beds.
- Indigo: /ˈɪndɪɡəʊ/ 1. a tropical plant of the pea family, which was formerly widely cultivated as a source of dark blue dye.
2. very dark blue in colour. E.g. An indigo sky.
- Gnarled: /nɑːld/ twisted and rough; covered with hard lumps. Retorcido. E.g. A gnarled oak/branch/trunk.
- Cross-pollinate: to move pollen from a flower or plant onto another flower or plant so that it produces seeds. E.g. They cross-pollinated the mango.
KEY
a The speaker uses the word ‘perfect’ ironically: although the high temperature is perfect for ripening the mango, it causes people to ‘wilt’, that is, become tired and without energy.
b The mangoes are arranged in piles according to their varieties.
c leaves that grow in the tropics or another faraway place from the speaker’s point of view
d the Moghul Empire or royal families
e incredible variety (101 different types)
Ex 4
KEY
Buying produce out of season appears to offer maximum choice and flexibility, but can be very disappointing in terms of flavour because the fruit in question has been flown halfway around the world in chilled conditions. Fresh soft fruit like strawberries and raspberries, or vegetables such as asparagus, taste so delicious when they have been freshly picked. Also, because they are only available at a set time of year, you look forward to eating them and savour them during their short season.
Many countries are locked into importing food by air freight from other parts of the world for sale in supermarkets.
- Be locked in/into something: to be involved in a difficult situation, an argument, a disagreement, etc. E.g. The two sides are locked into a bitter dispute. She felt locked in a loveless marriage.
- Freight: /freɪt/ goods that are transported by ships, planes, trains or lorries/trucks; the system of transporting goods in this way. Mercancías. E.g. To send goods by air freight.
Idiom spot
KEY
a. icing/ cake
The icing on the cake: something extra and not essential that is added to an already good situation or experience and that makes it even better. E.g. It's an added bonus—the icing on the cake.
b. lot/ plate
have enough/a lot/too much on your plate: (informal) to have a lot of work or problems, etc. to deal with. E.g. With three kids and a full-time job, she's got enough on her plate already.
c eggs; basket
Put all your eggs in one basket: to rely on one particular course of action for success rather than giving yourself several different possibilities. E.g. I've applied for several jobs. I don't want to put all my eggs in one basket.
d fish
Have bigger/other fish to fry: to have more important or more interesting things to do. E.g. I won't waste time on your question. I have bigger fish to fry.
e pill
sugar/sweeten the pill: to do something that makes an unpleasant situation seem less unpleasant. E.g. To sweeten the pill, the company will introduce a range of new performance-related bonuses.
f pinch; salt
Take something with a pinch of salt: to be careful about believing that something is completely true. E.g. If I were you, I'd take everything he says with a pinch of salt.
g beans
Spill the beans: (informal) to tell somebody something that should be kept secret or private. E.g. My friend has spilt the beans and told everyone I have been made redundant.
h hot cakes
Sell/go like hot cakes: to sell quickly or in great numbers. E.g. the tickets were sold like hot cakes.
i egg; face
Have/ get egg on/all over your face: (informal) to be made to look stupid. E.g. They were left with egg on their faces when only ten people showed up. By demonstrating his technical incompetence, sure he's got egg on his face now.
j pie
Eat humble pie: to say and show that you are sorry for a mistake that you made. E.g. It's never fun to have to eat humble pie for something we've done wrong.
Other idioms
a person or thing that is loved more than any other. E.g. She is the apple of her father's eye.
A dog's breakfast/dinner:
a thing that has been done badly. Mess. E:g. He's made a real dog's breakfast of these accounts.
Forbidden fruit:
a thing that is not allowed and that therefore seems very attractive. E.g. It was like forbidden fruit, the more you knew you shouldn't have it, the more you wanted it.
More holes than Swiss cheese:
If something has more holes than a Swiss cheese, it is incomplete,and lacks many parts. Something with a lot of problems. E.g. Your proposal has more holes in it than Swiss cheese.
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