C 2 USE
OF ENGLISH TIME 75’
NAME:
______________________________________________________________
PART ONE. OPEN CLOZE.
Fill each of the blanks in the following passage with one suitable word.
In my local port I was (0)_somewhat_ bemused to be greeted with a ‘Good morning! How are you?’ by a shop assistant (1)__________ had previously only ever spoken to me in Spanish. I asked whether she’d had an English language chip inserted but with (2)________ giggle she assured me that her new-found confidence was all down (3)________ private lessons. Apparently she and some former (4)________ friends had (5)____________ in weekly conversation classes with a British teacher in the (6)__________ of improving their (7)__________ of finding a job in the UK.
It’s the same story throughout Majorca and the Peninsula. Spaniards of all ages – and not just those working in tourism – are really getting to (8)_________ with English and attending conversation classes in (9)________ to up their game for the job market. Invited recently to give an evening book talk at one of Majorca’s best language schools (EOI Calvià), I was astounded (10)__________ the proficiency of the mostly mature students. They came from all (11)___________ of life and showed a genuine zest (12)____________ learning (13)__________ having worked a full day before hoofing (14)_________ through the city to listen to me.
Naturally a large part of their success (15)__________ unwavering enthusiasm was thanks to the dynamism and excellent teaching skills of their tutors that I witnessed first (16)_________. All the (17)________, there has definitely been a sea (18)___________ since the time that I first set (19)_________ in Soller. Fifteen years ago one would have been hard-(20)________ to find locals speaking anything more than a (21)_________ faltering phrases in the cafés and shops in the town and yet now, many are fluent.
The irony of course is that back in the UK everyone, it seems, wants to learn Spanish. With 400 million native speakers worldwide – Spanish is the primary language in 20 countries – it’s not surprising that Español is proving (22)_________ a popular subject in school at A level, and is (23)___________ by the British Council to be the most important language for the UK. Meanwhile in Spanish schools there is a similar trend for acquiring fluency in English with a good proportion of children being grounded (24)___________ the language alongside Castilian and Catalan. A great number of parents are also sending their children to English and international schools or giving them private lessons, such as with the EOI, each week. They want their offspring to be (25)__________ of the pack when searching for jobs and eventually entering the workplace.
In truth it’s no accident that ever since the Spanish (26)__________ downturn in 2008 the number of students enrolling for exams such as the respected C2 has grown year on (27)_________. Spaniards have command of the most widely spoken language in the world – after Mandarin Chinese – so with English (28)_________ their belts too, the (29)___________ should indeed be their oyster. And with any luck such dedication, passion and determination to succeed in the English language will ensure that Spaniards of the future will never be lost for (30)__________.
Adapted from The Telegraph
PART
TWO. WORD BUILDING. For each blank space use the word in brackets
to help you write a related word which fits the context. Make sure your
spelling is clear and unambiguous. An example (0) has been done for you.
Clichés do
little to 0_stimulate (STIMULUS) photographic 1_____________
(EXPRESS) but much to help win dust-collecting pots and medals in
2______________ (COMPETE). David Johnston shoots 3__________________
(ENVIRONMENT) portraits using a wide-angle lens with the subject to one side,
near the camera, and a second person in the background. It's one of my pet
hates. I'm not criticising the style of this or any other cliché, it's the
4______________ (CONTINUE) use of 5_______________ (BASIC) the same photograph
with different subjects that annoys me.
When does a photographic style become a cliché? There can be little doubt that those images now 6____________________ (DEEM) clichés were once 7_____________ (POWER) and 8______________ (STIMULATE) photographs, which merited the awards given to them. They influenced many others and so 9_______________ (PHOTOGRAPH) could be seen to be moving forward. Such is the way of progress. However, when an 10_____________ (INNOVATE) 11_____________ (WIN) image is copied by 12_____________ (NUMBER) others, 13___________ (HELL) on walking off with the annual club trophy, a cliché is born.
14________________ (CERTAIN), photographers with fresh vision should push the boundaries of 15______________ (SEE) and style. That's how less 16___________ (GIFT) photographers move forward. Let's not forget that from time to time even the 17_______________ (INNOVATE) look to others for this. While the 18______________ (SLAVE) copying of any image or existing style is the road to ultimate ruin, we should 19_____________ (ACTIVE) look at those images to find seeds of 20____________ (STIMULATE).
When does a photographic style become a cliché? There can be little doubt that those images now 6____________________ (DEEM) clichés were once 7_____________ (POWER) and 8______________ (STIMULATE) photographs, which merited the awards given to them. They influenced many others and so 9_______________ (PHOTOGRAPH) could be seen to be moving forward. Such is the way of progress. However, when an 10_____________ (INNOVATE) 11_____________ (WIN) image is copied by 12_____________ (NUMBER) others, 13___________ (HELL) on walking off with the annual club trophy, a cliché is born.
14________________ (CERTAIN), photographers with fresh vision should push the boundaries of 15______________ (SEE) and style. That's how less 16___________ (GIFT) photographers move forward. Let's not forget that from time to time even the 17_______________ (INNOVATE) look to others for this. While the 18______________ (SLAVE) copying of any image or existing style is the road to ultimate ruin, we should 19_____________ (ACTIVE) look at those images to find seeds of 20____________ (STIMULATE).
PART
THREE. MULTIPLE CHOICE CLOZE. Read the text below and
choose the option that best corresponds to the blank.
Book (0) Review: Galapagos: the Islands that (1) ________
the World
I was lucky enough to (2)__________ an ambition and visit the Galapagos Islands two years ago.It's only when you experience the place first (3)_________ that you really appreciate why the early explorers gave this isolated archipelago the (4)_________ 'The Enchanted Isles'.
(5)_________ no substitute for a visit, this superbly attractive book provides a fascinating commentary and scientific background to the Galapagos experience. BBC books have (6)________ their usual high quality job in producing the volume that will accompany their TV series of the same name.
Nothing can compare to exploring the strange landscapes, (7)_________ up close and personal with the unique wildlife and witnessing the rich biological and environmental history that is so very apparent on the islands. However, this book does (8)___________ close. The superb descriptive prose of award winning cameraman Paul Steward is another plus (9)___________, as is the fact that this is (10)___________ by his iconic photography. This book (11)__________ in celebrating the weird and wonderful sights and unique life (12)__________ that are hidden amongst these fascinating islands. It also comes (13)_________ with a comprehensive gazetteer section. But don't (14)_________ read this book as an alternative to actually going, use it as the (15)__________ of inspiration for your own trip, a useful guide once you are there and a stunning reminder on your return.
0. A Review B Diary C. Account D. Story
1. A adjusted B shifted C switched D altered
2. A fulfil B accomplish C manage D perform
3. A foremost B person C flesh D hand
4. A label B badge C emblem D token
5. A Despite B However C Whilst D Whereas
6. A set B done C made D given
7. A getting B reaching C arriving D gaining
8. A run B come C go D pass
9. A spot B point C mark D tip
10. A punctuated B interpolated C inserted D interjected
11. A attains B succeeds C achieves D obtains
12. A sorts B types C forms D ways
13. A complete B entirely C intact D joined
14. A barely B hardly C merely D scarcely
15. A base B cause C origin D source
PART
FOUR. GAPPED SENTENCES. Think of ONE word only that can be used
appropriately in all three sentences of each exercise. An example (0) has been done for you.
0.
a. Yolanda's a very reliable person, so
it's __safe__
to assume that she'll turn up in time.
b. Diana needed to find a __safe__ place to hide Tom's birthday present, so she
could surprise him on the day.
c. Alma was told that it wasn't __safe__ to leave valuables in her hotel room when she
went out.
1.
a. We were asked to choose a __________
from a famous novel to read out loud in class.
b. Keeping the doors open helps the
________ of air through the building, and stops it getting too hot.
c. There's a narrow __________
connecting the two parts of the shopping complex, which gets very crowded at
weekends.
2.
a. The magazine has decided to
_________ a series of articles on how to set up your own website.
b. As he'd missed the airport bus,
Jack's neighbour offered to _________ him there in his car.
c. The gadget is useful for travellers because it can ______ off either mains of electricity or
batteries.
3.
a. The village ___________ at the head of a valley in
the National Park.
b. Thinking about technological change,
I often wonder what ________ ahead of us in the future.
c. The responsibility for ensuring the
students follow the detailed curriculum ________ with the
class teacher.
4.
a. Ray promised to _________ back to
the student committee on the details of his meeting with the college principal.
b. Patients should _________ to the
Reception Desk immediately on arrival at the hospital.
c. Most trainee journalists are asked
to _________ on local events when they first join the newspaper.
5.
a. This is _________ the best
computer game I've ever played.
b. Flora was a good tennis player and
so beat her young opponents _________ .
c. David found that he fitted _________
into his new circle of friends at college.
PART
FIVE. KEY
WORD TRANSFORMATIONS. Complete
the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence,
using the word given. Do not change the word given.
0. "I am sorry I didn't ring
you to say I'd be late."
APOLOGISED
He __ apologised for not ringing (having rung) to say he'd __
be late.
1. She had to persuade him not to
quit his job.
OUT
She ___________________________ his
job.
2. Differences in ages partly
explain the differences in achievement between the pupils.
ACCOUNTED
The
differences in achievement between the pupils ____________________________
differences in age.
3. He would never allow his team mates to argue with the referee.
TIME
At ___________________ his team mates to argue with the referee.
4. The prison officers were making the prisoners dig holes and fill
them up again.
MADE
The prisoners ________________________________________________ the
prison officers.
5. It was too hot for me to be able to concentrate and do the exam
properly.
UNABLE
It was _______________________ concentrate and do the exam properly.
6. She passed
the word around that she was looking for a flat.
KNOWN
She
______________________________________ was looking for a flat.
7. Although he was tired, he agreed
to play tennis.
THOUGH
Tired___________________________
play tennis.
8. "I never told anyone about
your scheme," he told me.
DENIED
He________________________ scheme.
9. It was wrong of you to scare your
mother like that.
OUGHT
You ______________________________
mother like that.
10. He's likely to leave before the
letter arrives.
TIME
By__________________________________________________
left.
11. The window cleaners haven't
called for at least six months.
TIME
The______________________________________
ago.
12. "Where on earth have you
been all this time?"
DEMANDED
She
______________________________time.
13. The suitcase was extremely heavy
but he managed to lift it easily.
OF
Despite
_______________________________________ easily.
14. He is said to be a very hard bargainer.
REPUTATION
He _________________________ hard
bargainer.
15. He didn't think about leaving
his family until they were ready to depart.
UNTIL
Not
_______________________________________________ his
family.
16. As
soon as we left the tent, it collapsed.
TENT
No_____________________________________
collapsed.
17. They
did not consider giving up the expedition at any point.
THEY
At ________________________________________________
the expedition.
18. As I
intended to expand my shop, I made an offer for the premises next door.
VIEW
I made an
offer____________________________________ my shop.
19. The
prisoner was recaptured as he rushed towards the gate.
DASH
The
prisoner _____________________________________ gate.
20. Since
the company's methods were exposed in a newspaper, people have lost their good
opinion of it.
IT
Since the
company's methods______________________________________ disrepute.
KEY
PART
ONE. OPEN CLOZE. Fill each of the blanks in the
following passage with one
suitable word
0. somewhat/ rather
somewhat: to some degree. E.g. I was somewhat surprised to see him.
bemuse: /bɪˈmjuːz/ to make somebody confused and unable to think clearly. Bewilder. E.g. he was bemused by what was happening.
1. who/ that
2. a
giggle: (N) a slight silly repeated laugh. E.g. She gave a nervous giggle. Matt collapsed into giggles and hung up the phone.
giggle: (V) giggle (at/about somebody/something) (+ speech) to laugh in a silly way because you are amused, embarrassed or nervous. E.g. The girls giggled at the joke. They giggled nervously as they waited for their turn. She giggled with delight.
3. to
0. somewhat/ rather
somewhat: to some degree. E.g. I was somewhat surprised to see him.
bemuse: /bɪˈmjuːz/ to make somebody confused and unable to think clearly. Bewilder. E.g. he was bemused by what was happening.
1. who/ that
2. a
giggle: (N) a slight silly repeated laugh. E.g. She gave a nervous giggle. Matt collapsed into giggles and hung up the phone.
giggle: (V) giggle (at/about somebody/something) (+ speech) to laugh in a silly way because you are amused, embarrassed or nervous. E.g. The girls giggled at the joke. They giggled nervously as they waited for their turn. She giggled with delight.
3. to
be down to
somebody/something: to be caused by a particular person or thing. E.g. She
claimed her problems were down to the media.
4. school
former: that used to have a particular
position or status in the past. E.g. the 41-year-old former world champion.
Former South African president Nelson Mandela. Both current and former
employees. My former boss/colleague/wife. The countries of the former Soviet
Union. Former Portuguese colonies.
5. invested
6. hope
in the hope
of something, in the hope that… because you want something to happen. E.g. I called
early in the hope of catching her before she went to work.
7. chances
chance: a possibility of something
happening, especially something that you want. E.g. chance of doing
something Is there any chance of getting tickets for tonight?
8. grips
come/get to
grips with something: to begin to understand and deal with something difficult.
E.g. I'm slowly getting to grips with the language. They have so far failed to
come to grips with the ecological problems.
9. order
up
something: to increase
the price or amount of something. E.g. The buyers upped their offer by
£1 000.
10. at/by
astounded: /əˈstaʊndɪd/ very surprised or
shocked by something, because it seems very unlikely. Astonished. E.g. She
looked astounded at the news.
11. walks
a walk of
life: a person’s
job or position in society. Background. E.g. She has friends from all walks of
life.
12. for
zest: /zest/ zest (for something)
enjoyment and enthusiasm. E.g. He had a great zest for life. A zest for
battle.
13. despite
14. it
hoof it (informal) to go somewhere on foot;
to walk somewhere. E.g. We hoofed it all the way to 42nd Street. The last
bus had gone, so they had to hoof it.
15. and
unwavering: /ʌnˈweɪvərɪŋ/ not changing or
becoming weaker in any way. E.g. unwavering support. Her belief in the project
has been unwavering.
dynamism /ˈdaɪnəmɪzəm/
16. hand
first hand: yourself, rather than having been
given something or told about something by somebody else. E.g. to experience
poverty first-hand. First-hand experience.
17. same
all/just the
same despite
this. Nevertheless. E.g. He's not very reliable, but I like him just the
same. ‘Will you stay for lunch?’ ‘No, but thanks all the same.’ All the same,
there's some truth in what she says. I’m sure he’s safe, but all the same, I
wish he’d come home. I didn’t expect to find anything, but I decided to look
around just the same.
18. change
sea change: a strong and noticeable change in
a situation. E.g. It was one of those momentous events that cause a sea change
in public attitudes.
19. foot
set foot
in/on something: to enter or visit a place. E.g. the first man to set foot on the moon. I
vowed never to set foot in the place again.
20. pressed
hard-pressed: hard-pressed to do something
finding something very difficult to do. E.g. You would be hard-pressed to find
a better secretary.
21. few
faltering: speaking in a way that shows you
are not confident. E.g. his faltering voice.
22. such
prove: turn out to be. E.g. The
opposition proved too strong for him. It was proving extremely difficult to
establish the truth. Shares in the industry proved a poor investment. His lack
of experience may prove a problem in a crisis. The promotion proved to be a
turning point in his career. Their fears proved to be groundless.
23. considered
24. in
Ground: instruct (someone) thoroughly in a
subject. E.g. Eva’s governess grounded her in Latin and Greek.
25. ahead
ahead of the
pack more
successful than those you are competing against. E.g. In terms of raising
money, Joe Anderson is way ahead of the pack. Of all the software I've tested,
this product is ahead of the pack.
26. economic
downturn: downturn (in something) a
fall in the amount of business that is done; a time when the economy becomes
weaker. E.g. the recent economic downturns. A downturn in
sales/trade/business. The economic downturn of 2008/2009. A period of
economic downturn.
27. year
year on year (used especially when talking about
figures, prices, etc.) each year, compared with the last year. E.g. Spending
has increased year on year. A year-on-year increase in spending. The monthly
year-on-year growth rates.
28. under
have
something under your belt (informal) to have already achieved or obtained
something. E.g. She already has a couple of good wins under her belt. He now
has almost a year as minister under his belt.
29. world
the world is
your oyster: there is no limit to the opportunities open to you. E.g. With talent like
that, the world is her oyster.
30. words
be lost for
words to be so
surprised, confused, etc. that you do not know what to say. E.g. Chris was lost
for words at Kathy's incredible rudeness.
PART
TWO. WORD BUILDING. For each blank space use the word in brackets
to help you write a related word which fits the context. Make sure your
spelling is clear and unambiguous. An example (0) has been done for you.
Objective Proficiency p 62. Photographic Cliché. Extra Word Formation Cloze
0. stimulate
1. expression
2. competitions
3. environmental
Somebody's pet hate: (British English) (North American English somebody's pet peeve) something that you particularly dislike.
4. continued
5. basically
6. deemed
Deem: to have a particular opinion about something. Consider. E.g. The evening was deemed a great success. I deem it an honour to be invited. She deemed it prudent not to say anything. They would take any action deemed necessary.
7. powerful
8. stimulating
Merit: to do something to deserve praise, attention, etc. E.g. He claims that their success was not merited. The case does not merit further investigation.
9. photography
10. innovative
11. winning
12. numerous
13. hell-bent
Hell-bent on something/on doing something: determined to do something even though the results may be bad. E.g. He seems hell-bent on drinking himself to death.
Walk off with something: (informal) to win something easily.
14. Certainly
15. seeing
16. gifted
17. innovators
18. slavish
Slavish:/ˈsleɪvɪʃ/ following or copying somebody/something exactly without having any original thought at all. Falto de originalidad. E.g. a slavish adherence to the rules. Slavish obedience. A slavish imitation of Hitchcock's films.
19. actively
20. stimulation
2. competitions
3. environmental
Somebody's pet hate: (British English) (North American English somebody's pet peeve) something that you particularly dislike.
4. continued
5. basically
6. deemed
Deem: to have a particular opinion about something. Consider. E.g. The evening was deemed a great success. I deem it an honour to be invited. She deemed it prudent not to say anything. They would take any action deemed necessary.
7. powerful
8. stimulating
Merit: to do something to deserve praise, attention, etc. E.g. He claims that their success was not merited. The case does not merit further investigation.
9. photography
10. innovative
11. winning
12. numerous
13. hell-bent
Hell-bent on something/on doing something: determined to do something even though the results may be bad. E.g. He seems hell-bent on drinking himself to death.
Walk off with something: (informal) to win something easily.
14. Certainly
15. seeing
16. gifted
17. innovators
18. slavish
Slavish:/ˈsleɪvɪʃ/ following or copying somebody/something exactly without having any original thought at all. Falto de originalidad. E.g. a slavish adherence to the rules. Slavish obedience. A slavish imitation of Hitchcock's films.
19. actively
20. stimulation
PART THREE. MULTIPLE CHOICE CLOZE. Read
the text below and choose the option that best corresponds to the blank.
Objective Proficiency p 17. Book (0) Review . Extra Multiple Choice Cloze
0. A Review
1. D.
altered
Alter: /ˈɔːltə(r)/ 1. to become different; to make somebody/something different.
E.g. Prices did not alter significantly during 2007. He had altered so
much I scarcely recognized him. He altered his appearance with plastic surgery.
Alter somebody/ something E.g. It doesn't alter the way I feel. Nothing can
alter the fact that we are to blame. The landscape has been radically
altered, severely damaging wildlife. This incident altered the whole course
of events. Weather alters plans for beach goers 2. to make changes to a piece
of clothing so that it will fit you better. E.g. We can have the dress altered
to fit you.
Adjust: /əˈdʒʌst/ 1.
to change something slightly to make it more
suitable for a new set of conditions or to make it work better. E.g. adjust
something Watch out for sharp bends and adjust your speed
accordingly. This button is for adjusting the volume.The brakes
need to be adjusted. Adjust something to
something Adjust your language to the age of your audience. 2. to get used
to a new situation by changing the way you behave and/or think. Adapt. E.g.
They'll be fine—they just need time to adjust. Adjust to something After
a while his eyes adjusted to the dark. Adjust to doing something It took
her a while to adjust to living alone. It can be difficult to adjust to
being a parent. Adjust yourself to something You'll quickly adjust yourself to student life.
My eyes were still trying to adjust themselves to the strong sunlight. 3. Adjust something to
move something slightly so that it looks neater or feels more comfortable. E.g.
He smoothed his hair and adjusted his tie. Adjust the height of the chair
so that your forearms will be horizontal while typing.
Shift: 1. to move, or move something, from
one position or place to another. E.g. Lydia shifted uncomfortably in her
chair. Shift (from…) (to…) The action of the novel shifts from Paris
to London. Shift something Could you help me shift some furniture?
Shift something (from…) (to…) He shifted his gaze from the child to
her.She shifted her weight from one foot to the other. 2. (Of a
situation, an opinion, a policy etc.) to change from one state, position, etc.
to another. E.g. Public attitudes towards marriage have shifted over the past
50 years. Government policy has already shifted subtly (/ˈsʌtli/
not very noticeable or obvious). Shift (from…) (to/towards/toward…)
The balance of power shifted away from workers towards employers. Her
sympathies gradually shifted to the side of the protesters. 3. To change
your opinion of or attitude towards something, or change the way that you do
something. E.g. Shift something We need to shift the focus of this
debate. Shift something (from…) (to/towards/toward…) The new policy
shifted the emphasis away from fighting inflation. 4. Shift
responsibility/blame (for something) (onto somebody) to make somebody else
responsible for something you should do or something bad that you have done.
E.g. He tried to shift the blame for his mistakes onto his colleagues.
Switch: 1. to change or make something
change from one thing to another. E.g. switch (over) (from something) (to
something) We're in the process of switching over to a new system of
invoicing. We will have to switch over to a new currency. Switch between A
and B Press these two keys to switch between documents on screen. Switch
something (over) (from something) (to something) The meeting has been
switched to next week. When did you switch jobs? We don't talk about any
sex-related topics at home and my parents will switch TV channels if
there are any sex or even kiss scenes2. To exchange one thing for another.
Swap. E.g. switch something The dates of the last two exams have been
switched. Switch something over/around/round I see you've switched the
furniture around (= changed its position). Switch something with something
Do you think she'll notice if I switch my glass with hers? He switched sides
just days before the election.
2. A fulfil
3. D hand
4. A label
5. C Whilst
6. B done
7. A getting
up close and personal adv 1. intimately: he got to know the prime minister up close andpersonal. adj (up-close-and-personal when prenominal) 2. intimate: up-close-and-personal interaction.
8. B come
3. D hand
4. A label
5. C Whilst
6. B done
7. A getting
up close and personal adv 1. intimately: he got to know the prime minister up close andpersonal. adj (up-close-and-personal when prenominal) 2. intimate: up-close-and-personal interaction.
8. B come
come
close (to something/to doing something): to almost reach or do something.
E.g. He'd come close to death. We didn't win but we came close. The welfare
state never came close to eliminating poverty.
9. B
point
plus
point: an advantage or positive characteristic. E.g. "A plus point for
families is the nearby retail park (a shopping area on the edge of a town or
city, where there are several large stores).", "I suppose a plus point
is that I'm just about the only bloke in the show.", "There are plenty
of plus points about being an older first-time mum."
minus point: used for describing a disadvantage
or negative quality of something. E.g. a minus point/factor: One of the minus
points was the risk of getting caught.
10. A punctuated
punctuate: /ˈpʌŋktʃueɪt/punctuate something (with something)
to interrupt something at intervals. E.g. Her speech was punctuated by
bursts of applause. He punctuates his conversation with snatches of song.
Bill's talk was punctuated by images of many paintings
Bill's talk was punctuated by images of many paintings
interpolate : 1. interpolate something to make a
remark that interrupts a conversation. Interject. E.g. ‘But why?’ he
interpolated. 2. interpolate something (into something) to add something
to a piece of writing. Insert. E.g. The lines were interpolated into the
manuscript at a later date.
Images were interpolated. He interpolated images into the description.
Images were interpolated. He interpolated images into the description.
interject:
interject (something) (formal) to interrupt what somebody is saying with
your opinion or a remark. E.g. ‘You're wrong,’ interjected Susan.
11. B
succeeds
12. C forms
life
form: a living thing such as a plant or an animal. E.g.intelligent life
forms in other solar systems.
13. A
complete
complete
with something [not before noun] including something as an extra part or feature. E.g.
The furniture comes complete with tools and instructions for assembly. The
book, complete with CD, costs £35.
gazetteer /ˌɡæzəˈtɪə(r)/ a list of place names published as a book or at the end of a book. Sp. diccionario geográfico.
14. C merely
The other words don't express the idea of "just" in this context.
15. D source
gazetteer /ˌɡæzəˈtɪə(r)/ a list of place names published as a book or at the end of a book. Sp. diccionario geográfico.
14. C merely
The other words don't express the idea of "just" in this context.
15. D source
PART
FOUR. GAPPED SENTENCES. Think of ONE word only that can be used
appropriately in all three sentences of each exercise. An example (0) has been done for you.
0. safe
1. passage
a. a
short section from a book, piece of music, etc. Excerpt, extract. E.g. Read
the following passage and answer the questions below.
b. the action of going
across, through or past something. E.g. Large
trees may obstruct the passage of light.
c. a long narrow area
with walls on either side that connects one room or place with another.
Corridor. E.g. A dark narrow passage led to the main
hall. A secret underground passage
2. run
a. run
something to print and
publish an item or a story. E.g. On
advice from their lawyers they decided not to run the story.
b.
run somebody + adv./prep. (informal) to drive somebody
to a place in a car. E.g. Shall I
run you home?
c.
to operate or function; to make something do this. E.g. Could you run the engine for a moment? Our van runs on (= uses) diesel.
3. lies
a. +
adv./prep. (of
a town, natural feature, etc.)
to be located in a particular place. E.g.
The town lies on the coast.
b. lie ahead/in store: to be going to happen to somebody
in the future. E.g. You are young and your whole life lies ahead of you. She
didn’t know what lay in store.
c. lie with somebody
(to do something) (formal)
to be somebody’s duty or responsibility. E.g.
It lies with you to accept or reject the
proposals.
4. report
a. to
give people information about something that you have heard, seen, done, etc.
E.g. The committee will report on its research
next month.
b. report (to somebody/something) (for something)
to tell somebody that you have arrived, for
example for work or for a meeting with somebody. E.g.
You should report for duty at 9.30 a.m.
All visitors must report to the reception
desk on arrival.
c. to
present a written or spoken account of an event in a newspaper, on television,
etc. E.g. She reports on royal stories for the BBC.
5. easily
a. easily
the best, nicest, etc. without
doubt; definitely. E.g. It's
easily the best play I've seen this year. She
is easily the most experienced teacher in the school.
b. without
problems or difficulty. E.g. I
can easily finish it tonight.
c. fit in: to
live, work, etc. in an easy and natural way with somebody/something. E.g. He's
never done this type of work before; I'm not sure how he'll fit in with the
other people.
PART
FIVE. KEY
WORD TRANSFORMATIONS. Complete
the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence,
using the word given. Do not change the word given.
0. "I am sorry I didn't ring
you to say I'd be late."
APOLOGISED
He _apologised for not ringing (having rung) to say he'd___ be
late.
1. She had
to persuade him not to quit his job.
OUT
She
had to talk him out of quitting
his job.
talk
someone out of something: to convince someone to give up or change
something. E.g. They were
trying to talk me out of my decision. Timmy tried to talk Mary
out of her ice cream cone. I wish I'd known she was taking the drug, I would have
tried to talk her out
of it.
2. Differences in ages partly
explain the differences in achievement between the pupils.
ACCOUNTED
The
differences in achievement between the pupils are partly accounted for by differences in age.
account
for something: to be the explanation or cause of
something. Explain. E.g. The poor weather may have
accounted for the small crowd.
3. He would never allow his team mates to argue with the referee.
TIME
At no time would he allow his team mates to argue with the referee.
4. The prison officers were making the prisoners dig holes and fill
them up again.
MADE
The prisoners were being made
to dig holes and fill them up again by the prison officers.
5. It was too hot for me to be able to concentrate and do the exam properly.
UNABLE
It was so hot (that) I was
unable to concentrate and do the exam properly.
6. She passed the word around that
she was looking for a flat.
KNOWN
She _let it be known that she__ was looking for a flat.
7. Although he was tired, he agreed to
play tennis.
THOUGH
Tired _though he was, he agreed to _ play tennis.
8. "I never told anyone about
your scheme," he told me.
DENIED
He_ denied telling (having told) anyone about my/our_ scheme.
9. It was wrong of you to scare your
mother like that.
OUGHT
You _oughtn't/ ought not to have scared your_ mother like that.
10. He's likely to leave before the
letter arrives.
TIME
By _the time the letter arrives, he's likely to have (or he'll probably have)___ left.
11. The window cleaners haven't called
for at least six months.
TIME
The__ last time the window
cleaners called was at least six months___ ago.
12. "Where on earth have you
been all this time?"
DEMANDED
She __demanded to know where on earth I/we/he/she/they had been all that __time
13. The suitcase was extremely heavy
but he managed to lift it easily.
OF
Despite _the (heavy) weight of the suitcase, he managed to lift it___
easily
14. He is said to be a very hard
bargainer.
REPUTATION
He _has the reputation of (being)/ a reputation as a very _ hard
bargainer /ˈbɑːɡənə/
15. He didn't think about leaving
his family until they were ready to depart.
UNTIL
Not _until they were ready to depart did he think
about leaving __ his
family.
16. As
soon as we left the tent, it collapsed.
TENT
No___ sooner had we left the tent than it_______
collapsed.
17. They
did not consider giving up the expedition at any point.
THEY
At _no point did they consider giving up__
the expedition.
18. As I
intended to expand my shop, I made an offer for the premises next door.
VIEW
I made an
offer__ for the premises next door
with a view to expanding__ my shop
with a view to something/to doing something
(formal) with
the intention or hope of doing something. E.g. He's
painting the house with a view to selling it.
in view of something
(formal) considering
something. E.g. In view of the weather, the event will
now be held indoors.
19. The
prisoner was recaptured as he rushed towards the gate.
DASH
The
prisoner __ was recaptured as he made a dash for the
___ gate.
a dash (for something):
an act of going somewhere suddenly and/or
quickly. E.g. He jumped off the bus and made a
dash for the nearest bar.
to dash: to go somewhere very
quickly. Rush. E.g. He dashed along the
platform and jumped on the train. (You would need the past tense
"dashed" to be able to use the verb)
20. Since
the company's methods were exposed in a newspaper, people have lost their good
opinion of it.
IT
Since the
company's methods__ were exposed in a
newspaper, it has fallen into __ disrepute
disrepute: /ˌdɪsrɪˈpjuːt/
the fact that somebody/something loses the respect of
other people. E.g. The old
system had fallen into disrepute. The
players' behaviour on the field is likely to bring the game into
disrepute. The president brought his office into disrepute and betrayed the
people's trust.
