1. I arrived only ____________ (FIND) that the others had already left
KEY
to find
only to
used to say that someone did something, with a disappointing or surprising result.
E.g.
She took a taxi in order to be on time, only to find that the meeting had been postponed.
2. He works long hours; he is always the first ___________ (ARRIVE) and the last ______________ (GO).
KEY
to arrive
to go
After the first, the second, the third,... we use to+infinitive.
E.g.
I was the first in my family to go to college.
Sheila and Jim were the first to arrive.
3. He is the youngest person _______________ (HOLD) the position of artistic director.
KEY
to hold
We use to+inf after superlatives.
E.g.
He was the oldest person to climb Mount Everest.
4. Inflation ________________ (RISE) by 5% by end of year
KEY
to rise
We use to+infinitive in newspaper headlines referring to the future.
E.g.
Funding for small businesses to go up in 2022
5. He won't be so silly as ______________ (DIVULGE) his secret to the world
KEY
to divulge
We use to+infinitive after the expressions so kind as/ so silly as
E.g.
He's not so silly as to do that
Would you be so kind as to send me those letters?
6. I finally found out how _______________ (USE) my new device.
KEY
to use
We use to+infinitive after verbs such as ask, decide, explain, find out, learn, want to know,... when they are followed by a question word (who, whom, which, what, when, where, how...)
E.g.
Have they decided when to launch their new product?
7. You needn't _____________ (BOOK) your ferry ticket in advance
KEY
book
We use infinitive without to with need as modal verb.
E.g.
You needn't worry
(BUT You don't need to worry)
8. His parents made him ___________ (STUDY) hard.
KEY
study
make sb do sth
E.g.
They made me work every day.
9. The politician was made __________ (RESIGN) after the scandal.
KEY
to resign
be made to do sth
E.g.
I was made to stand up.
10. She would rather ____________ at home
KEY
stay
would rather/sooner do sth (same subject)
would rather/sooner sb did sth (different subjects)
would rather/sooner have done sth (same subject)
would rather/sooner sb had done sth (different subjects)
11. He had better ___________ (not/eat) so much junk food.
KEY
not eat
had better+ do
12. I saw him ______________ (CROSS) the street
KEY
cross (I saw the whole action)
crossing ( I only saw part of the action)
13. He was seen _____________ (GET) into a white van.
KEY
to get (I saw the whole action)
getting ( I only saw part of the action)
be seen, be noticed, be watched, be heard+ to do sth
14. He did nothing but __________ (SEND) emails all day
KEY
send
do+everything/ anything/ nothing+ except/but do
15. Why not ____________ the authorities about this?
KEY
inform
why (not) + do sth (for suggestions)
Why not go to the beach?
16. He didn’t dare ____________ (SAY) what he thought.
KEY
(to) say
dare: to be brave enough to do something:
E.g.
dare (to) do something
They don't dare (to) ask
17. I daren’t _______________ (TELL) her the truth.
KEY
tell
When used like a modal verb is followed by an infinitive without to
E.g.
They daren't ask for any more money.
18. Don't you dare ___________ (GO) to Paris without me!
KEY
go
dare expressing threats, warning, anger, ... is followed by infinitive without to.
E.g.
Don’t you dare talk to me like that!
Don't you dare say anything to anybody.
19. How dare you _____________ (ACCUSE) me of lying!
KEY
accuse
dare expressing threats, warning, anger, ... is followed by infinitive without to.
How dare you make fun of me like that!
How dare you talk to me like that?
20. Some of the older boys had dared him _________________ (DO) it.
KEY
to do
dare expressing challenge is followed by to-infinitive: dare somebody to do something
E.g.
They dared Ed to steal a bottle of his father’s whiskey
So jump, then. I dare you.
21. I appreciate _______________ (HAVE) your advice.
KEY
having
appreciate+ -ing
E.g.
I appreciate having the opportunity to discuss these important issues with you.
I don't appreciate being treated like a second-class citizen.
22. She admits to __________ (BE) strict with her children.
KEY
being
admit (to) being
23. I must confess to ______________ (KNOW) nothing about golf.
KEY
knowing
confess to + -ing
He confessed to having a secret admiration for his opponent.
24. He delayed ____________ (TELL) her the news, waiting for the right moment.
KEY
telling
delay doing something
E.g. Big companies often delay paying their bills.
25. Ben knew he would miss _____________ (WORK) with Sabrina.
KEY
working
miss+ -ing
E.g. I haven't missed smoking like I expected to.
26. It was an unpopular decision to postpone ________________ (BUILD) the new hospital.
E.g.
postpone+ -ing
E.g. They’ve decided to postpone having a family for a while.
27. I recollect ___________ (SEE) Ryder some years ago in Bonn.
KEY
seeing
recollect /ˌrekəˈlekt/ to remember something, especially by making an effort to remember it.
28. These families risked ________________ (LOSE) everything.
KEY
losing
risk+ -ing
E.g.
They may even risk losing their homes.
29. He always shirks ___________ (DO) the household chores.
KEY
doing
shirk+ -ing
shirk /ʃɜːk/ to avoid doing something you should do, especially because you are too lazy. Sp. eludir.
E.g. He always shirks going to the dentist.
30. Tracey suggested ______________ (MEET) for a drink after work.
KEY
meeting
suggest + -ing
E.g.
If there is a mechanical problem, we suggest contacting the manufacturer directly.
31. I loathe __________ (DO) housework.
KEY
doing
loathe+ -ing: to dislike somebody/something very much. Detest.
I absolutely loathe shopping.
32. He detests ___________ (HAVE) his photograph taken.
KEY
having
detest + -ing
E.g.
I detest having to get up when it's dark outside.
33. He bitterly resents ___________ (BE) treated like a child.
KEY
being
resent + -ing: to feel bitter or angry about something, especially because you feel it is unfair. Sp. ofenderse, molestarse, estar resentido.
E.g. I resented having to work such long hours.
34. James is busy __________ (PRACTISE) for the school concert.
KEY
practising
35. It's no use ___________ (WORRY) about the exam results. You'll know soon enough.
KEY
worrying
It's no use + -ing: there is no point in doing something
36. It’s no good ___________ (TELL) him – he won’t listen.
KEY
telling
It’s no good + -ing
used to say that an action will not achieve what it is intended to achieve.
37. She realized there was no use _____________ (ARGUE) with him.
KEY
arguing
there’s no use (in) doing something: used for saying that something you do is not likely to have a successful result.
38. We were pretty disappointed to have lost the championship game, but there's no point __________ (CRY) over spilt milk. We just have to train harder for next season!
KEY
crying
there's no point (in) (doing something): Some particular action will serve no purpose or will not yield any worthwhile results.
cry over spilt milk: to waste time worrying about something that has happened that you cannot do anything about.
E.g.
As the saying goes—it's no use crying over spilt milk.
39. I had no difficulty ______________ (MAKE) myself understood.
KEY
(in) making
have difficulty (in) + -ing
E.g.
I had considerable difficulty (in) persuading her to leave.
40. I hope to get round to _______________ (ANSWER) your letter next week.
KEY
answering
get round to doing something: to find the time to do something
41. I really object to ____________ (BE) charged for parking.
KEY
being
object to doing something: to feel or say that you oppose or disapprove of something. Sp. oponerse, no estar de acuerdo.
E.g. I strongly objected to having to rewrite the article.
42. I'll never forget ___________ (HEAR) this piece of music for the first time.
KEY
hearing
forget doing something: to be unable to remember something that has happened in the past.
43. I didn’t mean ____________ (UPSET) you.
KEY
to upset
mean to do something: to intend to do something.
E.g.
I’ve been meaning to ask you if you want to come for a meal next week.
44. My new job will mean ____________ (TRAVEL) all over the world.
KEY
travelling
mean doing something: to have a particular result or involve something.
E.g.
Dieting also means being careful about which foods you buy.
45. If you want to feel better why don't you try ________ (EAT) more fruit and vegetables.
KEY
eating
try doing something: to do something in order to see if it is good.
E.g.
-John isn't here and I would like to speak to him.
- Why don't you try phoning his mobile.
46. Once the chef had prepared the main course, he went on ______________ (MAKE) the dessert.
KEY
to make
go on to do something: to do something after completing something else.
E.g.
The book goes on to describe his experiences in the army.
After her early teaching career she went on to become a doctor.
47. At the meeting he proposed ____________ (CHANGE) the name of the company.
KEY
changing
propose doing something:suggest.
E.g.
The report also proposes expanding the airport.
48. I'd advise _____________ (BUY) your tickets well in advance if you want to travel in August.
KEY
buying
advise doing something
advise somebody to do something
E.g.
Doctors advised the patient to have surgery.
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