Close-up p 51. Key Word Transformations

1. People believe that  Lavender oil can relieve a large number of  minor diseases.
HOST
Lavender _________________________________________ ailments.



KEY
1.
Lavender oil is believed to relieve a (whole) host of minor ailments.


2. It is within the realm of possibility that we might achieve net zero emissions by 2050 - the target they think is needed to limit global temperature rises at 1.5C.
THOUGHT
Conceivably, net ______________________________________ cap global temperature rises at 1.5C.



KEY
2. 
 Conceivably, net zero emissions might be achieved by 2050 - the target thought to be needed  to cap global temperature rises at 1.5C. 



3.  They have a car. For all practical purposes it is a vehicle which delivers goods.
COMMERCIAL
They run a car that to all ___________________________________ vehicle. 



KEY
3. 
They run a car that to all intents and purposes is a commercial delivery vehicle.  




4. People have said that COVID-19 is like other diseases that can be transmitted and are dangerous. 
DISSIMILAR
COVID-19 __________________________________________ diseases.


KEY
4.
COVID-19 has been said not to be dissimilar to other dangerous transmittable diseases.


5. I wouldn't have thought in a thousand years that we would become products to be sold and the target of campaigns that become viral and are used for marketing.
ENTERTAIN
Not _______________________________________________________ campaigns.



KEY
5. 
Not in a thousand years would I have entertained the thought that we would become commodities and the target of viral marketing campaigns.
 

 

Close-up p 51. Fry's Planet Word. Extra Listening

Listening activity
Fry’s Planet Word Episode 4. ’27 ’’38- ’34 ‘’33

Listen to the programme and fill in the gaps.

1.       It is the simplicity of the alphabet and the ability easily to rearrange letters, that gives it its ____________________ as a tool for spreading the word.

2.       Movable type (printed letter) freed the written word from the _____________ of hand-scribing and allowed it to _________________ in printed texts.

3.       There is something magical about a ____________________of printed text. I can never forget the moment I first saw a novel I had written that had arrived from the printers. I put it on the table and I looked at it and I _____________ my eyes to its level, I ________________ it, I opened it, I walked and _____________ it .

4.       Printing would after Guttenberg ____________ knowledge and new ways of thinking that would change everything.

5.       The city of Norwich has a long history of printing. It was the first town in Britain to have a provincial newspaper. “ This __________________ , _____________________ of the river Wensum, in the shadow of Norwich cathedral was once, hard to believe as it may be, the centre of a kind of Silicon Valley of Europe because here was a ________ and prosperous printworks”

6.       Chaucer was fed up with the ___________________ of those who copied out his works for readers. In the envoi (a line or a group of lines which forms the conclusion to a poem) of one of his poems, Troilus and Cressida, Chaucer makes a request that it isn’t too badly ______________.

7.       We say ________________ and ________________ because the capitals used to be in the _________________ on the frame and the small letters used to be in the ____________________.

8.       When the printer tells Stephen Fry that he was 16 when he started and he did 5 years. Stephen Fry exclaims “__________ !”

9.       English in the Middle Ages was incredibly_______________. Dialects of different regions had different words for the same thing and different spellings. When Caxton brought the printing press to Britain in 1476, he was faced with a __________. He couldn’t print all the different ____________ spellings that were spread around the country. By setting words in print, Caxton started to make the English language more ______________ and printed books spread these changes across the country.

10.   With printing, the written word truly began to spread. Printed books, like the Phoenician alphabet ______________ before, _______________ knowledge. Reading was no longer just an activity for the___________, but something that ordinary people could afford to learn to do.

KEY

1.       potency (/ˈpəʊtnsi/ the power that somebody/something has to affect your body or mind. E.g. the potency of desire.)

2.       Drudgery (/ˈdrʌdʒəri/ hard boring work. E.g. domestic drudgery)



take flight (to run away. E.g. the gang took flight when they heard the police car.)

3.       bound volume (bind, bound, bound: bind something (in something). To fasten the pages of a book together and put them inside a cover. E.g. two volumes bound in leather)



lowered 



sniffed (sniff: to breathe air in through the nose in order to discover or enjoy the smell of something)  


circled.

4.       unleash (to suddenly let a strong force, emotion, etc. be felt or have an effect. E.g. the government's proposals unleashed a storm of protest in the press.)

5.       ivy-clad (ivy: a climbing plant. E.g. stone walls covered in ivy; clad: dressed) 


 willow-lined stretch (willow: Sp. sauce. –lined: having the object mentioned along an edge or edges. E.g. a tree-lined road. Stretch: an area of land or water, especially a long one. E.g. You rarely see boats on this stretch of the river)



thriving (thrive: to become, and continue to be, successful, strong, healthy, etc. Flourish. Sp. Prosperar. E.g. New businesses thrive in this area. A thriving industry.

6.       sloppiness (sloppy: that shows a lack of care, thought or effort. Sp. Descuidado, desaliñado. E.g. sloppy thinking. Your work is sloppy. A sloppy worker).  



Mangled (mangle something: to spoil something, for example a poem or a piece of music, by saying it wrongly or playing it badly)

7.       upper case



lower case

8.       Coo! (/kuː /used to show that you are surprised. E.g. Coo, look at him!)

9.       Diverse



 dilemma



arbitrary



stable.

10.   Millennia (millennium / mɪˈleniəm/ plural: millennia / mɪˈleniə/)



 democratised  



elite / i ˈliːt/

To watch more episodes go to: Fry's Planet Word