Objective Proficiency p 8. Keys and Vocabulary

Ex. 1

Ring the changes (with something): (British English) to make changes to something in order to have greater variety. E.g. Ring the changes with a new colour.

A change for the better/worse: a person, thing, situation, etc. that is better/worse than the previous or present one. E.g. Voters see the new leader as a change for the better.

A change of heart: if you have a change of heart, your attitude towards something changes, usually making you feel more friendly, helpful, etc. E.g. Dan did not want to get married but recently he's had a change of heart.  

Change of direction/course: a situation in which someone starts doing something completely new or different. E.g. He was looking for a complete change of direction. Arriving in England meant a change of direction and Isabelle set up her own business teaching and translating languages

Change direction/course: to start doing something completely new or different. E.g. Most students change direction during their first year.

Come about (that…):   To happen E.g. Can you tell me how the accident came about?

 

Idiom spot

out of the blue: unexpectedly; without warning. E.g. The decision came out of the blue.

 

fall into place: 1. if something complicated or difficult to understand falls into place, it becomes organized or clear in your mind. E.g. Then I found his diary and it all began to fall into place. 2. if things fall into place, events happen in a way that is satisfactory for you. E.g. When you are playing well, everything falls into place.

go downhill: to get worse in quality, health, etc. Deteriorate. E.g. Their marriage went downhill after the first child was born. He’s been going slowly downhill since he came out of hospital.

 

 

on the cards: likely to happen. E.g. The merger has been on the cards for some time now.

 

the rest is history: used when you are telling a story to say that you do not need to tell the end of it, because everyone knows it already. E.g. He took her to see his publisher, and the rest is history.

Ex.2 

KEY

1 gaining media attention

 

 

2 stepping in for someone

 

 

3 heading the wrong way

 

 

4 being made redundant

 

 

5 meeting "Mr Right"

 Vocabulary

Questions:

• Heading the wrong way: going in the wrong direction. E.g. If you feel we are heading the wrong way or have missed something, please get in touch.

• Step in for someone: Sp. "tomar su lugar" (el lugar del otro) E.g. "Tom was sick, so Jack had to step in for him." 

   Transcript

• Drag: to pull somebody/something along with effort and difficulty. E.g. I was dragged along to a party.

• Outfit: a set of clothes that you wear together, especially for a particular occasion or purpose. E.g. She was wearing an expensive new outfit. Sp. Conjunto. 

• Lace: a delicate material made from threads of cotton, silk, etc. that are twisted into a pattern of holes. Sp. Encaje. E.g.  It was an antique lace dress that was worth a million dollars.

•  Run sth up: to make a piece of clothing quickly, especially by sewing. E.g. to run up a blouse.

• Turning point (in something): the time when an important change takes place, usually with the result that a situation improves. E.g. The promotion marked a turning point in her career. Sp. Momento decisivo.
• Quit: Chuck in: quit. E.g. The simple truth is, if you chuck in your job and decide to write full time, unless you're very lucky, you're going to run out of cash pretty soon.
• Take sb on:  to employ somebody. E.g. to take on new staff. She was taken on as a trainee.

• Stay in: to not go out or to remain indoors. E.g I feel like staying in tonight.

• Beer money: a little extra money to buy a drink or have fun with. E.g. The job was never going to make me rich, but it kept me in beer money for a while.

• Break: an opportunity to do something, usually to get something that you want or to achieve success. E.g. I got my lucky break when I won a ‘Young Journalist of the Year’ competition. We've had a few bad breaks (= pieces of bad luck) along the way. If you just give me a break, you won't regret it.

• Be down to somebody/something: to be caused by a particular person or thing. E.g. She claimed her problems were down to the media.

• Hang around: to wait or stay near a place, not doing very much. E.g. You hang around here in case he comes, and I'll go on ahead.

• Trip: to catch your foot on something and fall or almost fall. E.g. She tripped and fell. Someone will trip over that cable. 

• Due: arranged or expected. E.g. When's the baby due? The next train is due in five minutes.

• Rabbit on (about somebody/something): (British English, informal, disapproving) to talk continuously about things that are not important or interesting. E.g. Stop rabbiting on about nothing, will you, and go to sleep. Once my wife gets on the phone with one of her friends, they rabbit on for hours.

• Pick sth out: to play a tune on a musical instrument slowly without using written music. E.g. He picked out the tune on the piano with one finger.

• Dismal: causing or showing sadness. Miserable. Sp. Deprimente. E.g. dismal conditions/surroundings/weather. Christmas will be dismal without the children. 

• Run: to become different in a particular way, especially a bad way. E.g. The river ran dry (= stopped flowing) during the drought. Supplies are running low. We've run short of milk. You've got your rivals running scared. 

• Draw+ prep.: to move in the direction mentioned. E.g. The train drew into the station. 

• Settle in/ settle into something: to move into a new home, job, etc. and start to feel comfortable there. E.g. How are the kids settling into their new school? It's not always easy for a new player to settle in. Instalarse, adaptarse.

• Spiral: /ˈspaɪrəl/ a continuous harmful increase or decrease in something, that gradually gets faster and faster. E.g. the vicious spiral of rising wages and prices.

• Chug: to move making the sound of an engine running slowly. E.g. The boat chugged down the river. Chug along: seguir marchando. 

  run: a period of something good or bad happening; a series of successes or failures. Spell. E.g. a run of good/bad luck. Liverpool lost to Leeds, ending an unbeaten run of 18 games.

• Bam: (exclamation) used to show that something happens very suddenly. E.g. I saw him yesterday and—bam!—I realized I was still in love with him.

• Knock somebody sideways: (informal) to surprise or shock somebody so much that they are unable to react immediately. E.g. The news about his mother's accident really knocked him sideways.

• Wham: (exclamation) used to show that something that is unexpected has suddenly happened. E.g. I saw him yesterday and—wham!—I realized I was still in love with him.

• Rocky: difficult and not certain to continue or to be successful. E.g. a rocky marriage 

• Catch up with somebody: to finally start to cause problems for somebody after they have managed to avoid this for some time. Sp. Alcanzar, pasar factura. E.g. She was terrified that one day her past problems would catch up with her.

• Pay sb off: to finish paying money owed for something. E.g. We paid off our mortgage after fifteen years.

• Cut back (on something): to reduce something. E.g. If we don't sell more we'll have to cut back production. To cut back on spending.

• Mind-numbingly: /ˈnʌmɪŋli/ very boring. E.g. The lecture was mind-numbingly tedious.

• Rut: a boring way of life that does not change. Estancarse. E.g. I gave up my job because I felt I was stuck in a rut. If you don't go out and meet new people, it's easy to get into a rut.

• Splash: the sound of something hitting liquid or of liquid hitting something. E.g. We heard the splash when she fell into the pool. 

• Gravelly: /ˈɡrævəli/ (of a voice) deep and with a rough sound. E.g. His gravelly voice is perfect for radio. 

Vocabulary. Phrasal verbs.

• Come across somebody/something: [no passive] to meet or find somebody/something by chance. E.g. I came across children sleeping under bridges. She came across some old photographs in a drawer.
• Come across: 1. to be understood. E.g. He spoke for a long time but his meaning didn't really come across. 2. to make a particular impression. E.g. She comes across well in interviews. He came over as a sympathetic person.

• Fill in: Complete. E.g. If there are gaps in your learning, try to fill them in.
• Fill in (for somebody): to do somebody's job for a short time while they are not there. E.g. I'm filling in for the receptionist at the moment.
• Fill somebody in (on/about something): to tell somebody about something that has happened. E.g. Did Sam fill you in about the new project? My secretary will fill you in on the details.

• Come up with something: [no passive] to find or produce an answer, idea, plan, a sum of money, etc. E.g. She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. How soon can you come up with the money? Is that the best you can come up with?

Objective Proficiency p 8. Changes. Vocabulary 1

Changes. Vocabulary

Ring the changes (with something): (British English) to make changes to something in order to have greater variety. E.g. Ring the changes with a new colour.

A change for the better/worse: a person, thing, situation, etc. that is better/worse than the previous or present one. E.g. Voters see the new leader as a change for the better.

Change your tune: (informal) to express a different opinion or behave in a different way when your situation changes. E.g. Wait until it happens to him—he'll soon change his tune.



change sides: to stop supporting one person or group in an argument and start supporting the other. E.g.  My aunt is determined to bring me over to her political party, ignoring the fact that I am not remotely interested in changing sides! You can't get me to change sides! I'm a fan of the Yankees through and through!

A change of heart: if you have a change of heart, your attitude towards something changes, usually making you feel more friendly, helpful, etc. E.g. Dan did not want to get married but recently he's had a change of heart.

A change in government could of course mean economic and social changes.

One of the most significant changes in the last 50 years or so has been globalization. It is transforming our world.

New technologies brought about a sweeping change in the second half of the twentieth century. 

It was a time of radical change caused by the many changes happening in technology with new advancements, discoveries, and inventions.

People’s attitudes towards global warming have changed substantially

I would like to vary my daily routine in order to have a less boring life. 

I wish I had put a bit more effort into adapting to that significant change

It was such a drastic and far-reaching change, that it altered radically my lifestyle.

To bring about a successful life change you need to take action. To quit smoking, lose weight, or make other important lifestyle changes, you'll need to stop bad habits by finding good alternatives. 

New parents can suddenly feel overwhelmed by how their life has changed.

I find it difficult to adjust to clock change in the winter. I would prefer to do sports and other outdoor leisure activities during daylight hours.

The situation calls for a change; a change where people have more opportunities to decide their future and realize their potentials. Call for something to need something.

Various skills will help you deal with changing situations but embracing the change will ensure you stay motivated.

Thinking of your job as a temporary assignment is a better mindset to help you cope with change.

The original Walkman introduced a change in music listening habits by allowing people to carry music with them.

Social contact leads to a change in social attitudes.

 The majority of people resist change because it is stressful. Even positive change (new job, marriage, birth of a child, etc) is stressful.

Although most people would welcome a change in their lives regarding the things they are less than content with, most people are not actually interested in the hard work that it may sometimes take to make such changes a permanent reality.

During the last decades we have witnessed a change in educational practice, from studying a fixed syllabus to letting students define their own goals and decide how to reach them.

Suddenly he changed the subject.  

Food prices changed drastically/ significantly/ overnight in May.

We need a dramatic social, political and economic change.

After another wet week it was a pleasant change to have a dry day.

Working on the new project was a refreshing change.

There was a sudden change of plan.

It was a sweeping change that affected many workers.

This was an unexpected change, but I'm looking forward to the move.

Some parents need a change in attitude.

A change in policy may help workers. 

We need a change in the law to fight against corrupt bankers.

 The nurse will contact her if there is a change in the patient's condition.

They experienced a change in their fortune.

The documentary was about the changing fortunes of the film industry.

A change in the weather is expected by the middle of next week. 

You need to communicate your change of address. 

Protesters are demanding a change of government. 

We hope for a change of luck. 

I had a change of mind in the end. 

They had a change of mood. They joked around all night. 

This weekend I had a change of pace.

We just had a change of plan.

You look like you need a change of scene.

Change horses in midstream (the middle part of a river): to change to a different or new activity while you are in the middle of something else; to change from supporting one person or thing to another. E.g. You shouldn't change horses in midstream.

Change your/somebody's mind: to change a decision or an opinion. E.g. Nothing will make me change my mind.

A wind/the winds of change: (used especially by journalists) an event or a series of events that has started to happen and will cause important changes or results. E.g. A wind of change was blowing through the banking world.

Change your ways: to start to live or behave in a different way from before. E.g. He was in trouble with the police as a teenager but now he's completely changed his ways.

Change hands: to pass to a different owner. E.g. The house has changed hands several times.

Chop and change: (British English, informal) to keep changing your mind or what you are doing. E.g. After six months of chopping and changing, we've decided to go back to our old system. 

A leopard /ˈlepəd/ cannot change its spots: (saying) people cannot change their character, especially if they have a bad character. E.g. You didn't really expect her to be on time, did you? A leopard can't change its spots.

Change/swap places (with somebody): (usually used in negative sentences) to be in somebody else's situation. E.g. I'm perfectly happy—I wouldn't change places with anyone.

Change something around/round: to move things or people into different positions. E.g. You've changed all the furniture around. 

Change back (into somebody/something): to return to a previous situation, form, etc. E.g. Only time will tell whether things can ever change back to the way they were. The music changed back to a funky disco beat.

Change back (into something): to take off your clothes and put on what you were wearing earlier. E.g. She changed back into her work clothes.

Change down: (British English) to start using a lower gear when you are driving a car, etc. E.g. Change down into second. To change down from fourth (gear) into third.

Change up: (British English) to start using a higher gear when driving a car, etc. E.g. Change up into fifth.

Change over (from something) (to something): to change from one system or position to another. E.g. The farm has changed over to organic methods.