Objective Proficiency p 31. Keys and Vocabulary

Paper 1 Part 4

KEY
1 was put  in jeopardy OR was put  at risk

In jeopardy: /ˈdʒepədi/ in a dangerous position or situation and likely to be lost or harmed. E.g. The civil war has put thousands of lives in jeopardy. The future of the school and 50 jobs are in jeopardy.
Jeopardise sth/sb: /ˈdʒepədaɪz/ to risk harming or destroying something/somebody. E.g. He would never do anything to jeopardize his career.



 

2 friendship with Paula dates back
 


3 (any) responsibility for breaking / having broken


 

4 has finally come to terms with
 Come to terms with sb: to reach an agreement with somebody; to find a way of living or working together. E.g. The enemy was eventually forced to come to terms.
Come to terms with sth: to accept something unpleasant by learning to deal with it. E.g. She is still coming to terms with her son's death. My grandmother has finally come to terms with living alone.



5 no expectation of/for an upturn
Upturn: a situation in which something improves or increases over a period of time. Mejora. E.g. An upturn in the economy. A sharp upturn in the number of tourists visiting the capital. Their fortunes have taken an upturn. The restaurant trade is on the upturn.



6 were given / had no choice/alternative/option | but to

Objective Proficiency p 30. Keys and Vocabulary

Paper 1 Part 2 Open Cloze

• A train of thought: the connected series of thoughts that are in your head at a particular time. Hilo. E.g. The phone ringing interrupted my train of thought.

Task

KEY
1 would/should/could 

Outward: /ˈaʊtwəd/ connected with the way people or things seem to be rather than with what is actually true. Sp. Exterior. E.g. Mark showed no outward signs of distress. She simply observes the outward forms of religion. To all outward appearances (= as far as it was possible to judge from the outside) they were perfectly happy. There were no outward signs that the house was inhabited.

2 wherever 



3 which 



4 itself
Lend itself to something: to be suitable for something. E.g. Her voice doesn't really lend itself well to blues singing.





 
5 did 

Chromium: /ˈkrəʊmiəm/ Chromium is a hard grey metal that shines brightly when polished and is often used to cover other metals in order to prevent them from rusting. Cromo. E.g. He covered the bright chromium parts of his camera.

Render: Render sb/sth + adj: to cause somebody/something to be in a particular state or condition. Make. E.g. To render something harmless/useless/ineffective. Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake.  

Unceasingly: /ʌnˈsiːsɪŋli/ continuing all the time. Incessantly /ɪnˈsesntli/ E.g. Snow fell unceasingly.

6 nothing/little 



7 by 



8 rate 

Rate: a measurement of the speed at which something happens. Velocidad, ritmo. E.g. Most people walk at an average rate of 5 kilometres an hour.

 

 

2002 edition

Paper 3 Part 3

Gapped sentences

Ex 1

• Result in sth: to make something happen. Lead to. E.g. The cyclone has resulted in many thousands of deaths. Result in sth/sb doing sth: E.g. These policies resulted in many elderly people suffering hardship. Repeated use of a hammer on a screw may result in it breaking. 

1  open



2 task

• Relish: /ˈrelɪʃ/ to get great pleasure from something; to want very much to do or have something. To enjoy. E.g. to relish a fight/challenge/debate. To relish the idea/thought of something. I don't relish the prospect of getting up early tomorrow. Nobody relishes cleaning the oven.
• Prospect: an idea of what might or will happen in the future. Sp. Perspectiva, panorama. E.g. The prospect of becoming a father filled him with alarm.
• Thankless: unpleasant or difficult to do and unlikely to bring you any rewards or thanks from anyone. Sp. Ingrato. E.g. Sometimes being a mother and a housewife felt like a thankless task.
• Take somebody to task (for/over something): to criticize somebody strongly for something they have done. E.g. The local newspaper has been taking the city council to task over its transport policy. The policeman took his son to task for throwing the stone through the window.

3 turn

• The tides turn: to start to come in or go out. E.g. The tide is turning—we'd better get back.
• To turn with every available tide: to change opinion very quickly. E.g. Politicians seem able to turn with every available tide, depending on what suits them.
• Make everyone's head turn: attract attention. E.g. Marilyn Monroe had the ability to make everyone's head turn.
• Turn out: to happen in a particular way; to develop or end in a particular way. E.g. Despite our worries everything turned out well. You never know how your children will turn out. If the day turns out wet, we may have to change our plans. 

4 strictly

• Strictly speaking: if you are using words or rules in their exact or correct sense. E.g. Strictly speaking, the book is not a novel, but a short story. Using the word in that context is not, strictly speaking, correct. 
• In accordance with something: /əˈkɔːdns/ (formal) according to a rule or the way that somebody says that something should be done. E.g. In accordance with legal requirements. We acted in accordance with my parents' wishes. You must act strictly in accordance with the wishes of your colleagues in this matter, regardless of what you yourself want. 

  


5 distinguish

• Distinguish yourself (as something):  to do something so well that people notice and admire you. E.g. She has already distinguished herself as an athlete. The soldier managed to distinguish himself in battle, despite his obvious fear beforehand.
• Foothill: a hill or low mountain at the base of a higher mountain or range of mountains. E.g. The foothills of the Himalayas.

6 seriously

• Disgrace: to behave badly in a way that makes you or other people feel ashamed. Sp. Deshonrar. Disgrace yourself: E.g.  I disgraced myself by drinking far too much. Disgrace somebody/something: E.g. He had disgraced the family name.