1. James was succeeded by his son, Charles I, who was historically important because he was the King who was executed in Britain's only serious anti-monarchy revolution.
DOWN
James was succeeded by his son, Charles I, who ___________________________ the King who was executed in Britain's only serious anti-monarchy revolution.
2. National movements made great efforts to achieve independence.
STROVE
National movements ______________________.
3. He quickly added that he was not accusing her of lying.
HASTENED
He ________________ that he was not accusing her of lying.
4. The concert began at exactly 8.00.
WAY
The concert _________________ at exactly 8.00.
5. We cannot afford to take risks when people's lives can be lost.
STAKE
We cannot afford to take risks when people's lives ________________.
6. He developed a flair for getting even the shyest students to talk.
ADEPT
He _______________________ even the shyest students to talk.
7. Flights may be delayed because of the fog.
SUBJECT
Flights ____________________ because of the fog.
8. The menu is full of appealing choices at reasonable prices.
EARTH
The menu is full of appealing choices ___________________________.
9. They should do something about buildings that are not in the same style as their surroundings.
KEEPING
They should do something about buildings that are ____________________ their surroundings.
10. Avoid the centre of town at this time of the evening.
STEER
____________________ the centre of town at this time of the evening.
KEY
1. James was succeeded by his son, Charles I, who went down in history as the King who was executed in Britain's only serious anti-monarchy revolution.
Go down in history: to be or do something so important that it will be recorded in history. E.g. 2012 went down in history as the year London hosted the Olympics.
2. National movements strove for independence.
Strive, strove, striven: to try very hard to achieve something. E.g. We encourage all members to strive for the highest standards.
3. He hastened to add that he was not accusing her of lying.
Hasten: to say or do something without delay E.g. He has been described as a ‘charmless bore’—not by me, I hasten to add.
4. The concert got under way at exactly 8.00.
Under way (or underway): having started. E.g. Preparations are well under way for a week of special events in May. Rescue efforts are underway to find the lost climbers.
5. We cannot afford to take risks when people's lives are at stake.
At stake: that can be won or lost, depending on the success of a particular action. E.g. The prize at stake is a place in the final.
6. He became adept at/in getting even the shyest students to talk.
Adept (at/in something)| adept (at/in doing something) good at doing something that is quite difficult. E.g. She has become adept at hiding her real feelings from others.
Flair for something a natural ability to do something well. E.g. He has a flair for languages.
7. Flights are subject to delay because of the fog.
Subject to something likely to be affected by something, especially something bad. E.g. Smokers are more subject to heart attacks than non-smokers.
8. The menu is full of appealing choices at down-to-earth prices.
Down to earth: sensible and practical, in a way that is helpful and friendly. Realistic. E.g. "He was just a wonderful, loving, kind, down-to-earth man," she said. He’s as advertised, a really cool, down-to-earth person.
9. They should do something about buildings that are out of keeping with their surroundings.
Out of keeping with not appropriate or expected in a particular situation; not in agreement with something. E.g. The painting is out of keeping with the rest of the room.
In keeping (with something) appropriate or expected in a particular situation; in agreement with something. E.g. The latest results are in keeping with our earlier findings.
10. Steer clear of the centre of town at this time of the evening.
Keep/stay/steer clear (of somebody/something) to avoid a person or thing because it may cause problems or it may be unpleasant. E.g. No one mentioned the divorce, so Lisa decided to steer clear of that subject.
Showing posts with label Prepositions. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Prepositions. Show all posts
Objective Proficiency p 123. Prepositions. Extra Key Word Transformations 2
1. Oh, come on, stop rabbiting on about things that are not important now and tell me what you think about this subject.
BUSH
Oh, come on, stop ___________________ and tell me what you think about this subject.
2. Martin enjoys collecting stamps a lot.
DERIVES
Martin _______________________ his stamp collection.
3. She spent most of her life looking after the sick and needy.
DEVOTED
She ________________________ after the sick and needy.
4. Every time she heard his name, she started to cry.
DISSOLVED
Every time she heard his name, she __________________.
5. Most people would disapprove of such unethical behaviour.
LINE
Most people would _________________ such unethical behaviour.
6. What is it with you, Sarah? Why is it that you have to criticise everything I say and do?
FAULT
What is it with you, Sarah? Why is it that you have to _________________ everything I say and do?
7. My father was a doctor, as was my grandfather before him. It was assumed that both my brother and I would do the same job as them.
FOOTSTEPS
My father was a doctor, as was my grandfather before him. Both my brother and I were expected to ________________________.
8. After months of strikes and failed negotiations, the management finally went along with the union's demands.
BOWED
After months of strikes and failed negotiations, the management finally ____________ the union's demands.
9. It's striking to see how much he looks like his grandfather.
BEARS
He ______________________his grandfather
10. Schools will mainly suffer the cuts in government spending.
BRUNT
Schools will _________________ cuts in government spending.
KEY
1. Oh, come on, stop beating about/around the bush and tell me what you think about this subject.
Beat about the bush: (British English) (North American English beat around the bush) to talk about something for a long time without coming to the main point. Often to avoid or delay talking about something embarrassing, difficult or unpleasant because you are worried about upsetting the person you are talking to. E.g. Stop beating about the bush and tell me what you want. Don't beat around the bush. Just tell me where my brother is. There is no point in beating about the bush. I'm leaving you.
2. Martin derives a lot of pleasure out of/ from his stamp collection.
Derive pleasure/benefit from/out of sth: to get great pleasure/benefit from sth. Sp. obtener. E.g. He derived great pleasure from painting. The only people who will derive any benefit from this new law are the rich.
3. She devoted most of her life to looking after the sick and needy.
Devote something to something: to give an amount of time, attention, etc. to something. Sp. dedicar. E.g. I could only devote two hours a day to the work.
4. Every time she heard his name, she dissolved into tears.
Dissolve into laughter, tears, etc. to suddenly start laughing, crying, etc. E.g. When the teacher looked up, the children dissolved into giggles. She looked into his expressionless eyes and dissolved into tears.
5. Most people would draw the line at such unethical behaviour.
Draw the line (at something/at doing something): to refuse to do something; to set a limit. E.g. I don't mind helping, but I draw the line at doing everything myself. We would have liked to invite all our relatives, but you have to draw the line somewhere.
6. What is it with you, Sarah? Why is it that you have to find fault with everything I say and do?
Find fault (with somebody/something): to look for and discover mistakes in somebody/something; to complain about somebody/something. To criticise. E.g. It's demoralizing to work for someone who constantly finds fault with you.
7. My father was a doctor, as was my grandfather before him. Both my brother and I were expected to follow in their footsteps.
Follow in somebody's footsteps: to do the same job, have the same style of life, etc. as somebody else, especially somebody in your family. E.g. She works in television, following in her father's footsteps.
8. After months of strikes and failed negotiations, the management finally bowed to the union's demands.
Bow to something: to agree unwillingly to do something because other people want you to. E.g. They finally bowed to pressure from the public. She bowed to the inevitable (= accepted a situation in which she had no choice) and resigned.
Go along with somebody/something: to agree with somebody/something. E.g. I don't go along with her views on private medicine.
9. He bears a striking resemblance to his grandfather.
To bear a resemblance: to look like. She bears a striking resemblance to her older sister. The movie bears little resemblance to the original novel (is quite different from). To bear no resemblance to: to be completely different from.
10. Schools will bear/take the brunt of cuts in government spending.
Bear/take the brunt of something: to receive the main force of something unpleasant. Sp. sufrir lo peor de algo. E.g. the town nearest the epicentre bore the brunt of the earthquake. It was the capital that bore the brunt of the recent flooding. Education will bear the brunt of the cuts.
BUSH
Oh, come on, stop ___________________ and tell me what you think about this subject.
2. Martin enjoys collecting stamps a lot.
DERIVES
Martin _______________________ his stamp collection.
3. She spent most of her life looking after the sick and needy.
DEVOTED
She ________________________ after the sick and needy.
4. Every time she heard his name, she started to cry.
DISSOLVED
Every time she heard his name, she __________________.
5. Most people would disapprove of such unethical behaviour.
LINE
Most people would _________________ such unethical behaviour.
6. What is it with you, Sarah? Why is it that you have to criticise everything I say and do?
FAULT
What is it with you, Sarah? Why is it that you have to _________________ everything I say and do?
7. My father was a doctor, as was my grandfather before him. It was assumed that both my brother and I would do the same job as them.
FOOTSTEPS
My father was a doctor, as was my grandfather before him. Both my brother and I were expected to ________________________.
8. After months of strikes and failed negotiations, the management finally went along with the union's demands.
BOWED
After months of strikes and failed negotiations, the management finally ____________ the union's demands.
9. It's striking to see how much he looks like his grandfather.
BEARS
He ______________________his grandfather
10. Schools will mainly suffer the cuts in government spending.
BRUNT
Schools will _________________ cuts in government spending.
KEY
1. Oh, come on, stop beating about/around the bush and tell me what you think about this subject.
Beat about the bush: (British English) (North American English beat around the bush) to talk about something for a long time without coming to the main point. Often to avoid or delay talking about something embarrassing, difficult or unpleasant because you are worried about upsetting the person you are talking to. E.g. Stop beating about the bush and tell me what you want. Don't beat around the bush. Just tell me where my brother is. There is no point in beating about the bush. I'm leaving you.
2. Martin derives a lot of pleasure out of/ from his stamp collection.
Derive pleasure/benefit from/out of sth: to get great pleasure/benefit from sth. Sp. obtener. E.g. He derived great pleasure from painting. The only people who will derive any benefit from this new law are the rich.
3. She devoted most of her life to looking after the sick and needy.
Devote something to something: to give an amount of time, attention, etc. to something. Sp. dedicar. E.g. I could only devote two hours a day to the work.
4. Every time she heard his name, she dissolved into tears.
Dissolve into laughter, tears, etc. to suddenly start laughing, crying, etc. E.g. When the teacher looked up, the children dissolved into giggles. She looked into his expressionless eyes and dissolved into tears.
5. Most people would draw the line at such unethical behaviour.
Draw the line (at something/at doing something): to refuse to do something; to set a limit. E.g. I don't mind helping, but I draw the line at doing everything myself. We would have liked to invite all our relatives, but you have to draw the line somewhere.
6. What is it with you, Sarah? Why is it that you have to find fault with everything I say and do?
Find fault (with somebody/something): to look for and discover mistakes in somebody/something; to complain about somebody/something. To criticise. E.g. It's demoralizing to work for someone who constantly finds fault with you.
7. My father was a doctor, as was my grandfather before him. Both my brother and I were expected to follow in their footsteps.
Follow in somebody's footsteps: to do the same job, have the same style of life, etc. as somebody else, especially somebody in your family. E.g. She works in television, following in her father's footsteps.
8. After months of strikes and failed negotiations, the management finally bowed to the union's demands.
Bow to something: to agree unwillingly to do something because other people want you to. E.g. They finally bowed to pressure from the public. She bowed to the inevitable (= accepted a situation in which she had no choice) and resigned.
Go along with somebody/something: to agree with somebody/something. E.g. I don't go along with her views on private medicine.
9. He bears a striking resemblance to his grandfather.
To bear a resemblance: to look like. She bears a striking resemblance to her older sister. The movie bears little resemblance to the original novel (is quite different from). To bear no resemblance to: to be completely different from.
10. Schools will bear/take the brunt of cuts in government spending.
Bear/take the brunt of something: to receive the main force of something unpleasant. Sp. sufrir lo peor de algo. E.g. the town nearest the epicentre bore the brunt of the earthquake. It was the capital that bore the brunt of the recent flooding. Education will bear the brunt of the cuts.
Objective Proficiency p 123. Prepositions. Extra Key Word Transformations
1. Why do what others are doing just because they dye their hair pink?
BANDWAGON
Why _____________________ just because other people dye their hair pink?
2. Don't decide too quickly that he is unfriendly, just because he is on the quiet side.
CONCLUSION
Don't _____________________ that he is unfriendly, just because he is on the quiet side.
3. I buy the Daily Trader magazine to keep informed about the latest developments in the stock market.
ABREAST
I buy the Daily Trader magazine to ___________________the latest developments in the stock market.
4. Keeping yourself occupied will keep boredom away
BAY
Keeping yourself occupied will _______________________.
5. Workers knew nothing about the plans to sell the company.
DARK
Workers were ___________________ the plans to sell the company.
6. He couldn't believe it was 10 o'clock; he had been so enthralled by the film that he had totally lost track of time.
ENGROSSED
He couldn't believe it was 10 o'clock; he had been _________________ the film that he had totally lost track of time.
7. The Minister's plan to abolish the tax was widely approved of.
APPROVAL
The Minister's plan to abolish the tax __________________________________ .
8. Don't shout at me
VOICE
Don't _________________ me
9. We must improve people's knowledge about the problems facing refugees.
AWARENESS
We must____________________________ the problems facing refugees.
10. I used to beat my son at chess but now he is much better than me.
RINGS
I used to beat my son at chess but now he _____________________ me.
KEY
1. Why jump/ climb on the bandwagon just because other people dye their hair pink?
Climb/jump on the bandwagon: (informal, disapproving) to join others in doing something that is becoming fashionable because you hope to become popular or successful yourself. E.g. politicians eager to jump on the environmental bandwagon. Origin: In the US, political parades often included a band on a wagon. Political leaders would join them in the hope of winning popular support.
2. Don't jump/leap to the conclusion that he is unfriendly, just because he is on the quiet side.
Jump/leap to conclusions/ jump/leap to the conclusion that…to make a decision about somebody/something too quickly, before you know or have thought about all the facts. E.g. There I go again—jumping to conclusions.
3. I buy the Daily Trader magazine to keep abreast of the latest developments in the stock market.
Keep abreast of something: to make sure that you know all the most recent facts about a subject. E.g.
BANDWAGON
Why _____________________ just because other people dye their hair pink?
2. Don't decide too quickly that he is unfriendly, just because he is on the quiet side.
CONCLUSION
Don't _____________________ that he is unfriendly, just because he is on the quiet side.
3. I buy the Daily Trader magazine to keep informed about the latest developments in the stock market.
ABREAST
I buy the Daily Trader magazine to ___________________the latest developments in the stock market.
4. Keeping yourself occupied will keep boredom away
BAY
Keeping yourself occupied will _______________________.
5. Workers knew nothing about the plans to sell the company.
DARK
Workers were ___________________ the plans to sell the company.
6. He couldn't believe it was 10 o'clock; he had been so enthralled by the film that he had totally lost track of time.
ENGROSSED
He couldn't believe it was 10 o'clock; he had been _________________ the film that he had totally lost track of time.
7. The Minister's plan to abolish the tax was widely approved of.
APPROVAL
The Minister's plan to abolish the tax __________________________________ .
8. Don't shout at me
VOICE
Don't _________________ me
9. We must improve people's knowledge about the problems facing refugees.
AWARENESS
We must____________________________ the problems facing refugees.
10. I used to beat my son at chess but now he is much better than me.
RINGS
I used to beat my son at chess but now he _____________________ me.
KEY
1. Why jump/ climb on the bandwagon just because other people dye their hair pink?
Climb/jump on the bandwagon: (informal, disapproving) to join others in doing something that is becoming fashionable because you hope to become popular or successful yourself. E.g. politicians eager to jump on the environmental bandwagon. Origin: In the US, political parades often included a band on a wagon. Political leaders would join them in the hope of winning popular support.
2. Don't jump/leap to the conclusion that he is unfriendly, just because he is on the quiet side.
Jump/leap to conclusions/ jump/leap to the conclusion that…to make a decision about somebody/something too quickly, before you know or have thought about all the facts. E.g. There I go again—jumping to conclusions.
3. I buy the Daily Trader magazine to keep abreast of the latest developments in the stock market.
Keep abreast of something: to make sure that you know all the most recent facts about a subject. E.g.
It is almost impossible to keep abreast of all the latest developments in computing.
Abreast (adv) /əˈbrest/ next to somebody/something and facing the same way. E.g. cycling two abreast. Abreast of somebody/something A police car drew abreast of us and signalled us to stop.
4. Keeping yourself occupied will keep/ hold boredom at bay.
Hold/keep somebody/something at bay: to prevent an enemy from coming close or a problem from having a bad effect. Ward off. E.g. I'm trying to keep my creditors at bay. Charlotte bit her lip to hold the tears at bay.
5. Workers were kept in the dark about the plans to sell the company.
In the dark (about something): knowing nothing about something. E.g. She arrived at the meeting as much in the dark as everyone else. I would rather know than be kept in the dark.
6. He couldn't believe it was 10 o'clock; he had been so engrossed in/ with the film that he had totally lost track of time.
Enthral: /ɪnˈθrɔːl/ if something enthrals you, it is so interesting, beautiful, etc. that you give it all your attention. E.g. The child watched, enthralled by the bright moving images. This book will enthral readers of all ages. An enthralling performance.
Engrossed: /ɪnˈɡrəʊst/ (in/with something) so interested or involved in something that you give it all your attention. E.g. She was engrossed in conversation.
7. The Minister's plan to abolish the tax met with widespread approval.
Meet with sb's approval/ disapproval: to be approved of / disapproved of. E.g. Do the plans meet with your approval?
8. Don't raise your voice to me.
9. We must raise/ heighten/ increase public awareness of the problems facing refugees.
To raise/heighten/increase public awareness of something: to improve people's knowledge about something.
10. I used to beat my son at chess but now he runs rings around me.
Run rings around/round somebody: (informal) to be much better at doing something than somebody else.
E.g. They'll run rings round such a poor team.
Objective Proficiency p 123. Vocabulary
Ex 4
- Specialize (specialise) + in: e.g. he specialized in criminal law. The shop specializes in hand-made chocolates.
- Pay attention + to: e.g. Please pay attention (= listen carefully) to what I am saying. Don't pay any attention to what they say (= don't think that it is important).
- Laugh at somebody/ something: Ridicule. E.g. Everybody laughs at my accent. She is not afraid to laugh at herself (= is not too serious about herself).
- Shout at/to somebody to do something: e.g. She shouted at/to him to shut the gate.
- Object: /əbˈdʒekt/ to say that you disagree with, disapprove of or oppose something. Object to doing something/to somebody doing something. E.g. I really object to being charged for parking.
- Vote on/for/against: e.g. Did you vote for or against her? We'll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it.
- Congratulate somebody (on something): /kənˈɡrætʃuleɪt/ e.g. I congratulated them all on their results.
- Not care for somebody/something: (formal) to not like somebody/something. E.g. He didn't much care for her friends.
- Apply for something: e.g. to apply for a job/passport/grant. Apply to somebody/something (for something) to apply to a company/university.
- Rely + on: e.g. These days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work. You can rely on me to keep your secret.
- Take pride + in: take pride (in something) e.g. I take (a) pride in my work. Take pride (in doing something) e.g. We take great pride in offering the best service in town.
- Prohibit: /prəʊˈhɪbɪt/ e.g. Soviet citizens were prohibited from travelling abroad.
- Consist in something: (formal) to have something as the main or only part or feature. E.g. The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings.
- Consist of somebody/something: to be formed from the things or people mentioned. E.g. The committee consists of ten members. Their diet consisted largely of vegetables.
- Interfere: to get involved in and try to influence a situation that does not concern you, in a way that annoys other people. E.g. I wish my mother would stop interfering and let me make my own decisions. Interfere in something e.g. The police are very unwilling to interfere in family problems. Interfere with something: to prevent something from succeeding or from being done or happening as planned. E.g. She never allows her personal feelings to interfere with her work.
- Admire somebody/something for something: e.g. the school is widely admired for its excellent teaching. Admire somebody for doing something: e.g. I don't agree with her, but I admire her for sticking to her principles.
- Resolved (to do something) (formal) determined. E.g. I was resolved not to see him.
- Resolution: the act of solving or settling a problem, disagreement, etc. E.g. The government is pressing for an early resolution of the dispute.
- Unresolved: not yet solved or answered; not having been resolved. Unresolved mysteries.
- Unsuited (to/for something)/ unsuited (to do something) /ʌnˈsuːtɪd/ /ʌnˈsjuːtɪd/ not having the right or necessary qualities for something. E.g. He is unsuited to academic work. She was totally unsuited for the job.
- Suit somebody/something /suːt/ /sjuːt/ E.g. Choose a computer to suit your particular needs. If we met at 2, would that suit you? If you want to go by bus, that suits me fine. Blue suits you. You should wear it more often. I don't think this coat really suits me.
- Arouse: / əˈraʊz/ to make somebody have a particular feeling or attitude. E.g. to arouse somebody's interest/curiosity/anger. Her strange behaviour aroused our suspicions. Fox-hunting still succeeds in arousing a great deal of controversy.
Objective Proficiency p 45. Prepositions. Extra Exercise 2
1. It's freezing in here. Can you push the window _____?
2. The door is open a little. Pull it ________ so no one will hear us.
3. They became fond __________ each other at school. Their fondness _______ each other grew and many years later they married.
4. He is very proud ______ his son. He often expresses pride _______ the child's achievement.
5. Are you satisfied ________ the way that the business is being run? The shareholders have expressed satisfaction _________ the way it is being run.
6. I am against any form of cruelty _________ animals.
7.There has been a great improvement ______ the behaviour of children in the school. This has resulted ______ the headteacher's idea _______ involving them _______ decision-making.
8. I had to have a vaccination _________ typhoid before entering the country.
9. She stared in amazement ______ the sight that met her eyes- Dave had shaved all his hair off.
10. There seems to be little likelihood _____ Williamson winning Wimbledon because of her inability ______ play well on grass tennis courts.
11. Even though Dennis didn't act ______ my advice and follow a career in medicine, I'm full of admiration ______ his determination _____ train to be a vet.
KEY
1. to
push something to to close or nearly close something, such as a door. E.g. The door is open a little. Please push it to. Todd came in and pushed the door to.
2. to
pull something to to close something, usually a door of some type. E.g. Please pull the door to.
3. of
for
4. of
in
pride (in something) I take (a) pride in my work.
pride (in doing something) We take great pride in offering the best service in town.
5. with
with
6. to
7. in
from
of
in
8. against
9. at
10. of
to
11. on
for
to
2. The door is open a little. Pull it ________ so no one will hear us.
3. They became fond __________ each other at school. Their fondness _______ each other grew and many years later they married.
4. He is very proud ______ his son. He often expresses pride _______ the child's achievement.
5. Are you satisfied ________ the way that the business is being run? The shareholders have expressed satisfaction _________ the way it is being run.
6. I am against any form of cruelty _________ animals.
7.There has been a great improvement ______ the behaviour of children in the school. This has resulted ______ the headteacher's idea _______ involving them _______ decision-making.
8. I had to have a vaccination _________ typhoid before entering the country.
9. She stared in amazement ______ the sight that met her eyes- Dave had shaved all his hair off.
10. There seems to be little likelihood _____ Williamson winning Wimbledon because of her inability ______ play well on grass tennis courts.
11. Even though Dennis didn't act ______ my advice and follow a career in medicine, I'm full of admiration ______ his determination _____ train to be a vet.
KEY
1. to
push something to to close or nearly close something, such as a door. E.g. The door is open a little. Please push it to. Todd came in and pushed the door to.
2. to
pull something to to close something, usually a door of some type. E.g. Please pull the door to.
3. of
for
4. of
in
pride (in something) I take (a) pride in my work.
pride (in doing something) We take great pride in offering the best service in town.
5. with
with
6. to
7. in
from
of
in
8. against
9. at
10. of
to
11. on
for
to
Objective Proficiency p 45. Prepositions+ Nouns. Extra Grammar
1.______theory: E.g. _______ theory, these machines should last for ten years or more.
2.______advance: E.g. It's cheaper if you book the tickets________ advance.
3.______purpose: E.g. He did it _______ purpose, knowing it would annoy her.
4.______heart: E.g. I've dialled the number so many times I know it _______ heart.
5.______the latest: E.g. Applications should be in by next Monday ________ the latest.
6.______chance: E.g. I met her _______ chance (= without planning to) at the airport.
7.______the news (the programme): E.g. Did you see The Prime Minister _____ the news last night?
8.______the news (current /in all media Sp. ser noticia) Farming methods are back _____ the news this week.
9.______a good/bad mood: E.g. She's ________ a good mood today (= happy and friendly).
10._____the end (eventually): E.g. He tried various jobs and _____ the end became an accountant.
11._____mistake: E.g. I took your bag instead of mine _____ mistake.
12._____nothing (to no purpose): E.g. he died anyway, so it had all been ____ nothing
13._____good terms: E.g. He is still _____ excellent terms with his ex-wife.
14._____principle (belief system): E.g. He doesn't invest in the arms industry _____ principle.
15._____principle(theoretically possible): E.g. _____ principle there is nothing that a human can do that a machine might not be able to do one day.
16._____debt: E.g. He died heavily ____ debt.
17._____the law: E.g. A culprit is a person who has done something wrong or _______ the law
18._____a rule (habit): E.g. ______ a general rule vegetable oils are better for you than animal fats.
Objective Proficiency p 19. Prepositions. Extra Gapped Sentences Exercise 3
Think of ONE word only that
can be used appropriately in all three sentences of each exercise.
1.
a. Victoria is __________ a loss to know how best to deal with her teenage son. He doesn't respond to anything she says.
b. What are your options when your company is running ____________ a loss? maybe some essential business recovery tips can give you some solutions.
c. I don't mind your mother staying with us, but I won't be ________ her beck and call all day!
2.
a. The thought that the family estate would be ____________ for grabs within the week filled her with nausea.
b. The union are ___________ in arms again about the proposal to close down part of the production plant.
c. All those people who have money invested in it are going to be ____________ the creek.
3.
a. Max has been improving since he came out of hospital, if only ____________ degrees.
b. _____________ the look of it, John won't be coming. He said he'd be here by lunchtime and now it's 2 o'clock.
c. You have to show respect for your colleagues, and ____________ the same token they have to respect you.
4.
a. "Is it really necessary to rewrite the whole of that report?" "Well, you don't think I'm doing it __________ kicks, do you?"
b. Just ____________ the record, it was Ken's idea to come to this terrible party, not mine.
c. _________ two pins I’d have tipped that bowl and all its contents over her.
5.
a. Once we'd scored the third goal, the match was pretty much ___________ the bag.
b. Fiona has lived ___________ clover all her life. She doesn't know what work is.
c. We told the doctor on the phone that we suspected a heart attack, and the ambulance was here _______ a flash.
KEY
1. at
at a loss confused and not knowing what to say or do. E.g. His comments left me at a loss for words. He hesitated and briefly appeared at a loss for words. I'm at a loss what to do next. I was at a loss to understand what had happened. "I am at a loss to see how this happened," he said. She became popular, and was at a loss to know why.
loss: money that has been lost by a business or an organization. E.g. The company has announced net losses of $1.5 million. We made a loss on (= lost money on) the deal. Run/operate at a loss. We are now operating at a loss. If my business is running at a loss, can I reduce employee wages?
at somebody's beck and call always ready to obey somebody's orders. Continually at someone's disposal to carry out his wishes. E.g. She is constantly at the beck and call of her invalid father. Don't expect to have me at your beck and call.
Beck: A gesture requesting attention, such as a nod or wave.
Beckon: to give somebody a signal using your finger or hand, especially to tell them to move nearer or to follow you. Sp. llamar con un gesto. E.g. He beckoned to the waiter to bring the bill. The boss beckoned him into her office. She beckoned him to come and join them.
2. up
up for grabs (informal) available for anyone who is interested. If something is up for grabs, it is available and many people are trying to get it or win it. E.g. There are £25000 worth of prizes up for grabs in our competition! We've got $1000 up for grabs in our new quiz. All you have to do is call this number. The state's senate seat will be up for grabs in the next election.
(be) up in arms (about/over something) (informal) to be very angry about something and ready to protest strongly about it. E.g. Local businessmen are up in arms over the new parking regulations which will make shopping very inconvenient for customers. The entire population is up in arms. They are up in arms, ready to fight. Wally was up in arms about the bill for the broken window. I am really up in arms about what happened.
up the creek (without a paddle) (informal) in a difficult or bad situation. In trouble. E.g. I was really up the creek without my car. If we don't get this contract, we're up the creek! If any more people resign, we'll be really up the creek. If the police raided us I’d be up the creek. I'm sort of up the creek and don't know what to do. You are up a creek! You got yourself into it, so get yourself out.
3. by
by degrees slowly and gradually. E.g. By degrees their friendship grew into love. The disease was killing him by degrees. Rivalries and prejudice were by degrees fading out. We reached the desired standard of efficiency by degrees.
By the look of it/things: judging by the information we have now. E.g. By the look of things, we won't be able to take our holiday till the autumn. It's going to rain today by the look of it(= judging by appearances).
by the same token: something that you say which means that the thing you are going to say next is true for the same reasons as the thing you have just said. Used to mean that something you are about to say is also true, for the same reasons as what has just been said. E.g. The penalty for failure will be high. But, by the same token, the rewards for success will be great. I don't think that prices will go up but, by the same token, I don't see them going down either.
4. for
for kicks: for the excitement one gets. Because you thought it would be exciting. E.g. What do you do for kicks? I just play the banjo for kicks – I'm not very good at it. Rich kids turning to crime just for kicks. He decided to steal something from the shop, just for kicks.
for the record something that you say before you tell someone something important that you want them to remember. E.g. And, just for the record, we were never any more than good friends. Just for the record I would like to clarify something my colleague said earlier. And, for the record, he would be the last person I'd ask. It doesn't matter now, but just for the record – you were wrong.
for two pins used to say that you would like to do something, even though you know that it would not be sensible. Used to convey strong temptation to do something, typically from annoyance or irritation. E.g. I'd kill him for two pins. For two pins I'd tell her what I really think of her.
5. in
in the bag if something is in the bag, you are certain to get it or to achieve it. E.g. Nobody knows who'll get the job, despite rumours that Keating has it in the bag. The election is in the bag unless the voters find out about my past.
be/live in clover /ˈkləʊvə(r)/ (informal) to have enough money to be able to live a very comfortable life. In great material comfort. E.g. We’ll be in clover down there, lying around in the sun and fishing on the lake. Food retailers are in clover.
in/like a flash very quickly and suddenly. E.g. The weekend seemed to be over in a flash. The answer came to me like a flash. She was out of the back door in a flash
1.
a. Victoria is __________ a loss to know how best to deal with her teenage son. He doesn't respond to anything she says.
b. What are your options when your company is running ____________ a loss? maybe some essential business recovery tips can give you some solutions.
c. I don't mind your mother staying with us, but I won't be ________ her beck and call all day!
2.
a. The thought that the family estate would be ____________ for grabs within the week filled her with nausea.
b. The union are ___________ in arms again about the proposal to close down part of the production plant.
c. All those people who have money invested in it are going to be ____________ the creek.
3.
a. Max has been improving since he came out of hospital, if only ____________ degrees.
b. _____________ the look of it, John won't be coming. He said he'd be here by lunchtime and now it's 2 o'clock.
c. You have to show respect for your colleagues, and ____________ the same token they have to respect you.
4.
a. "Is it really necessary to rewrite the whole of that report?" "Well, you don't think I'm doing it __________ kicks, do you?"
b. Just ____________ the record, it was Ken's idea to come to this terrible party, not mine.
c. _________ two pins I’d have tipped that bowl and all its contents over her.
5.
a. Once we'd scored the third goal, the match was pretty much ___________ the bag.
b. Fiona has lived ___________ clover all her life. She doesn't know what work is.
c. We told the doctor on the phone that we suspected a heart attack, and the ambulance was here _______ a flash.
KEY
1. at
at a loss confused and not knowing what to say or do. E.g. His comments left me at a loss for words. He hesitated and briefly appeared at a loss for words. I'm at a loss what to do next. I was at a loss to understand what had happened. "I am at a loss to see how this happened," he said. She became popular, and was at a loss to know why.
loss: money that has been lost by a business or an organization. E.g. The company has announced net losses of $1.5 million. We made a loss on (= lost money on) the deal. Run/operate at a loss. We are now operating at a loss. If my business is running at a loss, can I reduce employee wages?
at somebody's beck and call always ready to obey somebody's orders. Continually at someone's disposal to carry out his wishes. E.g. She is constantly at the beck and call of her invalid father. Don't expect to have me at your beck and call.
Beck: A gesture requesting attention, such as a nod or wave.
Beckon: to give somebody a signal using your finger or hand, especially to tell them to move nearer or to follow you. Sp. llamar con un gesto. E.g. He beckoned to the waiter to bring the bill. The boss beckoned him into her office. She beckoned him to come and join them.
2. up
up for grabs (informal) available for anyone who is interested. If something is up for grabs, it is available and many people are trying to get it or win it. E.g. There are £25000 worth of prizes up for grabs in our competition! We've got $1000 up for grabs in our new quiz. All you have to do is call this number. The state's senate seat will be up for grabs in the next election.
(be) up in arms (about/over something) (informal) to be very angry about something and ready to protest strongly about it. E.g. Local businessmen are up in arms over the new parking regulations which will make shopping very inconvenient for customers. The entire population is up in arms. They are up in arms, ready to fight. Wally was up in arms about the bill for the broken window. I am really up in arms about what happened.
up the creek (without a paddle) (informal) in a difficult or bad situation. In trouble. E.g. I was really up the creek without my car. If we don't get this contract, we're up the creek! If any more people resign, we'll be really up the creek. If the police raided us I’d be up the creek. I'm sort of up the creek and don't know what to do. You are up a creek! You got yourself into it, so get yourself out.
3. by
by degrees slowly and gradually. E.g. By degrees their friendship grew into love. The disease was killing him by degrees. Rivalries and prejudice were by degrees fading out. We reached the desired standard of efficiency by degrees.
By the look of it/things: judging by the information we have now. E.g. By the look of things, we won't be able to take our holiday till the autumn. It's going to rain today by the look of it(= judging by appearances).
by the same token: something that you say which means that the thing you are going to say next is true for the same reasons as the thing you have just said. Used to mean that something you are about to say is also true, for the same reasons as what has just been said. E.g. The penalty for failure will be high. But, by the same token, the rewards for success will be great. I don't think that prices will go up but, by the same token, I don't see them going down either.
4. for
for kicks: for the excitement one gets. Because you thought it would be exciting. E.g. What do you do for kicks? I just play the banjo for kicks – I'm not very good at it. Rich kids turning to crime just for kicks. He decided to steal something from the shop, just for kicks.
for the record something that you say before you tell someone something important that you want them to remember. E.g. And, just for the record, we were never any more than good friends. Just for the record I would like to clarify something my colleague said earlier. And, for the record, he would be the last person I'd ask. It doesn't matter now, but just for the record – you were wrong.
for two pins used to say that you would like to do something, even though you know that it would not be sensible. Used to convey strong temptation to do something, typically from annoyance or irritation. E.g. I'd kill him for two pins. For two pins I'd tell her what I really think of her.
5. in
in the bag if something is in the bag, you are certain to get it or to achieve it. E.g. Nobody knows who'll get the job, despite rumours that Keating has it in the bag. The election is in the bag unless the voters find out about my past.
be/live in clover /ˈkləʊvə(r)/ (informal) to have enough money to be able to live a very comfortable life. In great material comfort. E.g. We’ll be in clover down there, lying around in the sun and fishing on the lake. Food retailers are in clover.
in/like a flash very quickly and suddenly. E.g. The weekend seemed to be over in a flash. The answer came to me like a flash. She was out of the back door in a flash
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