Showing posts with label Objective Proficiency U 01. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Objective Proficiency U 01. Show all posts

On Screen p 10. Perfect Tenses. Extra Exercise

1. I __________ (know) Kazuo Ishiguro for several years. I ____________ (read) his latest novel, but I ______________ (not finish) it yet.
2. This is the third time you _________ (be) here. What exactly __________ (you come) for now?
3. Although we ____________ (be) in this village six years so far, we ___________ (not get) to know many people yet. But our next door neighbours ________________ (be) very helpful when we first ____________ (move) in.
4. Two days ago we _____________ (go) out into the streets. Fierce fighting ____________(take) place all around us, but when we arrived all __________ (be) quiet again.
5. She _______________ (write) computer games for over ten years before she finally had a hit.
6. _______________ (you have) your computer long before it broke down?
7. I went to the Grand Canyon last summer. It _____________(be) only the second time I _________________ (ever/be) in a helicopter.
8. This time next month, I _________________ (work) at the company for exactly 25 years.
9. It looks as if Jake ____________ (lose) his job by the end of the week.
10. I don't think my grandparents _______________ (approve) of sharing personal life stories on social networks.
11. I _______________ (meet) him before, but I am not sure.
12. Only three years ago I _____________ (not imagine)  I ___________ (followed) constantly by paparazzi.

SENTENCES WITH KEYS

1. I __________ (know) Kazuo Ishiguro for several years. I ____________ (read) his latest novel, but I ______________ (not finish) it yet.
 
 
KEY
 
1.
have known


have been reading


have not finished

2. This is the third time you _________ (be) here. What exactly __________ (you come) for now?
 
 
KEY
 
2.
have been



have you come

3. Although we ____________ (be) in this village six years so far, we ___________ (not get) to know many people yet. But our next door neighbours ________________ (be) very helpful when we first ____________ (move) in.
 
 
 
KEY
3.
have been



have not got



were



moved


4. Two days ago we _____________ (go) out into the streets. Fierce fighting ____________(take) place all around us, but when we arrived all __________ (be) quiet again.
 
 
KEY
4.
went



had taken



was

 

5. She _______________ (write) computer games for over ten years before she finally had a hit.
 
 
 
KEY
5.
had been writing
 
 
6. _______________ (you have) your computer long before it broke down?
 
 
 
KEY
6.
Had you had
 
7. I went to the Grand Canyon last summer. It _____________(be) only the second time I _________________ (ever/be) in a helicopter.
 
 
KEY
 
 
 
7.
was



had ever been
 
 
8. This time next month, I _________________ (work) at the company for exactly 25 years.
 
 
 
KEY
8.
will have been working
 
 
 
9. It looks as if Jake ____________ (lose) his job by the end of the week.
 
 
 
KEY
9.
will have lost
 
 
 
10. I don't think my grandparents _______________ (approve) of sharing personal life stories on social networks.
 
 
 
KEY
10.
would have approved
 
 
 
11. I _______________ (meet) him before, but I am not sure.
 
 
 
KEY

11.
may/might/could have met
 
 
 
12. Only three years ago I _____________ (not imagine)  I ___________ (followed) constantly by paparazzi.

KEY



12.
would not have imagined



would be being followed

On Screen p 10. Perfect Tenses. Grammar and Exercises

Please note some interesting facts
Present Perfect
The Present Perfect can be used

1. to refer to something that will happen at some time in the future. E.g. As soon as I have settled in, come and stay!

2. after the expressions this/ that/ it is the first/ second/ third etc time. E.g This is the fourth time I've seen United play this season.

3. after the expression it's (two/ three etc) years/ a long time since... The past simple is also possible. E.g. It's years since I've had/ I had bacon for breakfast. 

Present Perfect Continuous
The Present Perfect Continuous can be used

1. with verbs which describe actions (e.g. give, play, take), but not with stative verbs (e.g. be, know, like).

2. with verbs that suggest extended or repeated activity. It often focuses on the fact that it is ongoing and on the duration E.g. He's been playing football all afternoon and needs a shower. On the other hand, the Present Perfect Simple is used when we say the number of times. E.g. He has played for the national team in 65 matches so far.

3. when we draw a conclusion from what we can see or hear often to complain. E.g. Who's been messing around with my papers? They're all over the place.

The simple form of the Present Perfect can emphasise completion. E.g. I have read the book you gave me. Whereas with the Present Perfect Continuous the action is still continuing. E.g. I have been reading the book you gave me- I think I know how it is going to end.
The Present Perfect Simple emphasizes the result. E.g. I've phoned all my friends and they're coming to the party. Whereas The Present Perfect Continuous emphasises the activity. E.g. I've been phoning my friends that's why I haven't done my homework.

The Present Perfect Simple may give the idea that something is more permanent. E.g. He's worked in this shop all his life. I've always lived here. While The Present Perfect Continuous may give the idea that something is temporary /ˈtemprəri/ (limited duration, temporariness /ˈtemprərinəs/). E.g.  I've been working in a supermarket before going to university.

Past Perfect
To talk about how many times something happened in a period up to a particular past time, we use the past perfect, not the past perfect continuous. E.g. How many times had you met him before yesterday?

After that/ it was the first/ second/ third etc time... E.g. We went to Switzerland last summer; it was only the second time we'd been abroad.

After it was (two/ three etc) years/ a long time since... E.g. It was a long time since she had last seen her old schoolfriend

After certain time linkers e.g. after, before, by the time, as soon as, once, when, until. E.g. It was dark by the time I had finished repairing the roof. The past simple can be used if the order of events is clear: e.g. I had a relaxing bath after I got home from work last night.
Participle clauses can sometimes be used in place of clauses with when or after and the past perfect. E.g. Having eaten his sandwhich, he put his coat on and left (After he had eaten his sandwich...)
 
Past Perfect Continuous
The Past Perfect Continuous can be used to describe an ongoing action that went on before another past action and was completed or continued. We use this tense when we want to focus on duration. E.g. He had been driving all day, so he was very tired. He had been trying to telephone the breakdown service for two hours.

Future Perfect Simple
The Future Perfect Simple can be used
1. to express an action which will have taken place by a certain time in the future. E.g. The show will have finished by six o'clock.

2. when something is taken for granted. E.g. He will undoubtedly have made 100 runs before the end of the game.

Future Perfect Continuous
The Future Perfect Continuous can be used for an action which began before a certain future time and will not have finished by that time. E.g. Next year I will have been working in the company for 30 years.


Exercise: fill in the gaps with a perfect tense.

1. By the time you get home I ___________ (clean) the house from top to bottom
2. Joseph ____________ (kick) a football against the wall all day
3. On Saturday, we ___________ (living) in this house for a year
4. I ____________ (stay) in the hotel twice in the 1980s
5. When you ___________(finish), you can go home
6. He __________ (driving) for about half an hour when the engine suddenly stopped.
7. I think someone ___________ (tamper) with my mail (Tamper with interfere with)
8. She felt terrible during the interview because she ___________ (suffer) from flu since the previous day.
9. He _________ (learn) how to play chess and he can play well now. However, he ___________ (learn) how to play baseball for quite some time but he is still meeting his trainer once a week.
10. I _______________(never/kissed) anyone until I ___________ (meet) you.
11. That's the third time I ______________ (have) to tell you to stop shouting!
12. It looks as if he ____________ (cry) again. His eyes are all red and puffy (looking swollen).
13. It was 2 months since we _____________(meet).
14. It's the first time they ____________ (be) abroad.
15. By the time you reach the coast, you ______________ (drive) for two hours.




Sentences with KEY
 

1. By the time you get home I ___________ (clean) the house from top to bottom.

KEY

 

1. By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom (ended by a particular point in the future)


2. Joseph ____________ (kick) a football against the wall all day today.

KEY

 

 

2. Joseph has been kicking a football against the wall all day today (repeated action)


3. On Saturday, we ___________ (living) in this house for a year

KEY

 

 

 
3. On Saturday, we will have been living in this house for a year (in progress at a particular point in the future)


4. I ____________ (stay) in the hotel twice before the 1980s

KEY

 

 

 
4. I had stayed in the hotel twice before the 1980s (talking about how many times)


5. When you ___________(finish), you can go home

KEY

 

 

 
5. When you have finished , you can go home (it will happen at some time in the future)


6. He __________ (driving) for about half an hour when the engine suddenly stopped.

KEY

 

 

 
6. He had been driving for about half an hour when the engine suddenly stopped. (completed action before the past)


7. I think someone ___________ (tamper) with my mail (Tamper with
: interfere with)


KEY

  

 

7. I think someone has been tampering with my mail (drawing a conclusion and complaining)


8. She felt terrible during the interview because she ___________ (suffer) from flu since the previous day.

KEY

 

 
8. She felt terrible during the interview because she had been suffering from flu since the previous day (action before the past that continued beyond it)


9. He _________ (learn) how to play chess and he can play well now. However, he ___________ (learn) how to play baseball for quite some time but he is still meeting his trainer once a week.

KEY

 

 
9. He has learnt how to play chess and he can play well now. However, he has been learning how to play baseball for quite some time but he is still meeting his trainer once a week. (present perfect for a completed action and present perfect continuous if the action is still ongoing)

10. I _______________(never/kissed) anyone until I ___________ (meet) you.


KEY

 

 
10. (had) never kissed/ met
The past perfect of "kiss" is optional since the sequence of events is made clear by "until".


11. That's the third time I ______________ (have) to tell you to stop shouting!

KEY

 

 
11. have had


12. It looks as if he ____________ (cry) again. His eyes are all red and puffy
(looking swollen).

KEY

 

 
12. has been crying



13. We went out for a meal on Saturday. It was 2 months since we _____________(meet).

 

KEY

 

 

13. had met

14. It's the first time they ____________ (be) abroad.

KEY

 

 

14. have been



15. By the time you reach the coast, you ______________ (drive) for two hours.


KEY

 

 

15. will have been driving

On Screen p 5. Personal Profile. Writing


You have had a class discussion on your objectives, ambitions and motivations for this academic year. Now your teacher has asked you to write a personal profile using the ideas discussed in class and others you may find interesting to include.

You have to write about 150 words

Write your personal profile

1. To prepare your composition first think about the following:

Who are my readers?
What would they like to know about me?
What aspects of my personal life should I share with my class?

2. Possible contents:
where you're from
family information
job
likes, dislikes
hobbies, talents or skills
education / qualifications
the reasons why you are in this class, why you are learning English
goals, challenges, motivation, plans as to learning English
your strengths and weak points in relation to learning English
description of your personality; description of yourself as a student

3. What register should I use?
- Keep it informal and friendly
- Address your reader
- Choose specific details and examples, not generalisations
- Don't lie, boast or exaggerate

4. Here is a list of useful language for the task:

Linking devices:
To begin with I would like to say that I...
Firstly, ...Secondly, ... Lastly, ...
On the whole / in general
At first sight...
In fact...
Moreover,... Furthermore, ... In addition to this, ... What is more,... On top of all this...
Next,... Besides, ... After that...
Likewise, ... Similarly,...
At first / at the beginning / In the end / In the long run
As far as grammar is concerned / as regards grammar / with regard to grammar..
On the question of...
In some ways / in some respects / to a certain extent...
So, .... Consequently,... As a result,... Thus, ... Because of this... For this reason...
These are the main reasons why ...
This is why ...
Although...., ....though..., In spite of..., Despite..., Nevertheless,...
However, I must finally say that ...
In conclusion, ...

Addressing your reader

Believe it or not...
Strange as it may seem...
Strangely enough...
As you can imagine / not surprisingly / obviously / it goes without saying that...
Fortunately / Luckily enough... / unfortunately...
Whether we like it or not...

Expressing a personal point of view:
In my opinion / view...
Personally, I think that... / I would say that
As far as I am concerned / As far as my opinion is concerned
Speaking for myself.. / As I see it...
If you ask me... / I would suggest that... / I would like to point out that...
What I mean is...
I agree to a certain extent that ....
I’m afraid I must disagree with ...

Talking about your goals:
My aims are...
My expectations...
I am motivated to...
to achieve my dream of...
My attitude towards the learning of the language is...
This academic year I plan to...
In the near future I expect to...
I will need English in the future to...

Some vocabulary related to challenges and motivations:
to be a major challenge
to respond to challenges
to face a (daunting) challenge
to confront a big problem
to take up a difficult challenge
to set and achieve realistic goals
to enjoy the satisfaction of completing a difficult task
to harbour a lifelong ambition
my main ambition is…
I had always pursued my greatest ambition
to realise / fulfil my secret ambition
to have a burning ambition to ...
to increase or improve your motivation
to strengthen my motivation
to lack motivation
poor motivation
to achieve a (resounding) success
to be a resounding / roaring success
to be assured of success
to be an outstanding achievement
something can result in failure
to end in total failure
to fall into the occasional bad habit of ...
to make some major changes in one's life
to attain some of the goals that would be personal achievements
I know what I want to do and I intend to go for it

Related links:
Here

Write a personal profile for your new English class   You will find useful language here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here and here.  

 

 

Sample answers:
1.


My personal profile

Hello, everyone. My name is John Smith. I'm a lifelong resident of London, UK - born and (1)______ here. I'm working (2)________ achieve my dream of getting a master's degree, and I'm delighted to be in this Multicultural Education course.
The area of multicultural education has been a long-term interest of mine. It began (3)________ I got my job as an English teacher at a school in London, (4)_______ I have worked for ten years. I hope to deepen my understanding of the subject (5)_________ this term.
This is not my first foray (6)________ higher education. I have a bachelor's degree in English (7)__________ I finished in 2015. It's quite a shock to go back to university and jump (8)_________ into master's level courses!
My passion is basketball. I used to play every day but I am always pressed for (9)________ now. I have two great kids who are my world and keep me (10)________. Lily, who's five, is the oldest and Justin, who's three, is the baby of the family. My wife is a paediatrician and she's also from London. We met ten years ago when we were hiking separately and I (11)_______ my bearings and she rescued me!
I'm looking forward to participating in this class. Good luck, everyone! 

KEY

Lifelong: lasting or existing all through your life. E.g. Her lifelong ambition had been to learn how to fly. He has been a lifelong supporter of the club.

 

1. bred




Born and bred: born and having grown up in a particular place with a particular background and education. E.g. He was born and bred in Boston. I'm a Londoner, born and bred.

 

 

2. to

long-term: occurring over or relating to a long period of time. E.g. the long-term unemployed. The long-term effects of smoking. It has been a long-term interest of mine.

 

 Master's degree: (also master's) a further university degree that you study for after a first degree.

 

 

3. when

 

 

 

4. where 

deepen something to improve your knowledge or understanding of something. E.g. an opportunity for students to deepen their understanding of different cultures.

 

 

 

5. during

 

 

 

6. into 

foray: /ˈfɒreɪ/ (into something) an attempt to become involved in a different activity or profession. E.g. the company's first foray into the computer market. This is not my first foray into higher education.

Bachelor's degree: the first degree that you get when you study at a university. Bachelor’s degrees include Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Bachelor of Science (BSc).

 

 

7. which

 

 

8. right 

 

 

 

9. time 

 

 

 

10. going 



Paediatrician: /ˌpiːdiəˈtrɪʃn/

Hike: to go for a long walk in the country, especially for pleasure. E.g. strong boots for hiking over rough country. Go hiking to spend time hiking for pleasure. E.g. If the weather's fine, we'll go hiking this weekend. 

 

 

11. lost

your bearings
[plural] knowledge of your position relative to everything that is around or near you
  • to get/find/take your bearings
  • She lost her bearings in the thick forest.
  • He paused at the top of the hill, trying to get his bearings.
 

2.
 My English and Me

   I was born in the month of May many years ago in a small village near the Costa Brava where I spent part of my pubescence. I came of age on the crest of a tumultuous turmoil  period in Spain. In the aftermath of World War II, opportunities available to the young people were scarce and social injustice and inequality were the everyday challenge. Although my mother was a self-indulgent woman wrapped up in radio soap operas of that time and disengaged from reality, always took good care of instilling in me the moral values of life that shaped my upbringing.

   At the age of eight years old, my French-born auntie came to my home for a visit and got hold of my arm telling me to sit down at the table and she laid in front of me a book to learn French and she said to me “I am going to teach you the French Language”. I still can vividly remember that she never asked me whether or not I wanted to. My mother had previously told her that I had a small radio in my room and that I was always tuning in and listening to French and English radio stations, hence my Auntie’s reaction . Three years later, I was able to write and speak French fluently. I was over the moon about it, and little did I know then that that was what ignited my interest in foreign languages.

   At the age of fourteen years old, and still at school, I took up a part-time job as a bellboy at a hotel nearby.  Three years later, I was told that a receptionist vacancy was up for grabs in a hotel in the Costa Brava and with no hesitation, I jumped at that opportunity. Even though I had studied English previously, my Manager said that I needed to study more. To all intents and purposes, I took up English lessons straightaway. After a few months, my progress was not satisfactory. The hotel was closing in a few weeks' time for the winter, so I thought it would be a good idea going to England to learn English properly while the hotel was closed.
   As soon as I arrived in London, I enrolled myself in a school and looked for a place to stay. Two weeks later, I was forced to get a job, my savings were quickly diminishing. London was an eye-opening city for me, a huge metropolis with somewhat daunting sky-scrapers that made me feel like being in a concrete jungle. I had embarked myself on a new phase of my life in England. Two months had gone by, I was ever so pleased and impressed by the way I was progressing at school and I was also getting to grips with the English way of life. I learned how to keep focused on the task ahead of me and to cope with the everyday vicissitudes. Suffice it to say, that living in a foreign country there are always the unexpected travails to face up to.
   I came to define myself and find my own place in the world. It all began as a childish fixation that turned into a great life-long achievement.
   There is a lot I owe to the English Language, without it I would not have had the opportunities that were offered to me which had brought me not only financial rewards but also personal stability, happiness and unforgettable memories.
   That adventure that had been planned on the spur of the moment went on for another twenty-eight years and what I have learned from it is part of what I am today.
-Alberto Comas-
 

Vocabulary
pubescence: arriving at or having reached puberty. E.g. In my pubescence, a life passion was born within me. I began to absorb current events, history and politics like a sponge.

crest: The highest or culminating point; the peak. E.g.  the crest of a flood; at the crest of her career. 

tumultuous: /tjuːˈmʌltʃuəs involving a lot of change and confusion and/or violence. E.g. the tumultuous years of the English Civil War.

turmoil: a state of great anxiety and confusion. E.g. political turmoil. She felt much calmer after the turmoil of recent weeks.

self-indulgent: allowing yourself to have or do things that you like, especially when you do this too much or too often. E.g. a self-indulgent lifestyle.
 
be wrapped up in somebody/something: to be so involved with somebody/something that you do not pay enough attention to other people or things. Engrossed. E.g. They are completely wrapped up in their children. She was so wrapped up in her work that she didn’t realize how late it was.
disengage:  to free somebody/something from the person or thing that is holding them or it; to become free. E.g. They wished to disengage themselves from these policies.
instil something (in/into somebody) to gradually make somebody feel, think or behave in a particular way over a period of time. E.g. to instil confidence/discipline/fear into somebody.
hence: for this reason. Therefore. E.g. We suspect they are trying to hide something, hence the need for an independent inquiry.  
ignite: /ɪɡˈnaɪt/ to start to burn; to make something start to burn. E.g. Gas ignites very easily. (figurative) Tempers ignited when the whole family spent Christmas together. Ignite something Flames melted a lead pipe and ignited leaking gas. (figurative) His words ignited their anger.  
up for grabs: available for anyone who is interested. E.g. There are £25 000 worth of prizes up for grabs in our competition! 
To/For all intents and purposes: in every practical sense, virtually. Practically speaking. In all the most ​important ​ways. E.g. We've got a few odd things to finish, but to all intents and purposes the job is done. For all intents and ​purposes, the ​project is ​completed. 

come/get to grips with something to begin to understand and deal with something difficult. E.g. I'm slowly getting to grips with the language. They have so far failed to come to grips with the ecological problems.
vicissitude: one of the many changes and problems in a situation or in your life, that you have to deal with. E.g. the vicissitudes of family life.
travail: /ˈtræveɪl/ an unpleasant experience or situation that involves a lot of hard work, difficulties and/or suffering. E.g. the travails of life in post-war Britain.



3.
Hi everyone! My name is Natalie Dolphin and I'm from the United States. I was born in Minneapolis and have lived in the same house all my life. However, I attended university in Boston, so I spent the school year there and returned home for the summers. I graduated in May with a degree in History and Political Science, focusing on Women's and Gender Studies - in particular on legislative measures to increase women's participation in politics.

I came to Mallorca in September to work as a language assistant, and will be here the entire school year. I really enjoy working at the language school because the adults have many interesting opinions and have a lot to share about their lives here in Mallorca. I miss my sister and my parents, but the year will be a great adventure.

Outside of working here, I really enjoy being outdoors. I love to swim, go to the beach, go hiking with my friends, and explore different parts of the island. I love to travel too and have been to 40 states in the US and 17 countries. I hope to travel a lot more this year as well!