On Screen p 83. Key Word Transformations

 Do Ex 10

man something to work at a place or be in charge of a place or a machine. Ep. encargarse de, hacer funcionar.

E.g.

Soldiers manned barricades around the city.     

The telephones are manned 24 hours a day by volunteers.

the gun is manned by four soldiers Sp. cuatro soldados manejan el cañón
the telephone is manned all day Sp. el teléfono está atendido todo el día

My friends and I manned the booth at the fair.   Sp.   Mis amigos y yo nos encargamos de la caseta en la feria 

fete /feɪt/ (also fête) (also fair) an outdoor entertainment at which people can play games to win prizes, buy food and drink, etc., usually arranged to make money for a special purpose.

E.g.      

the school/village/church fete

On Screen p 72. Key Word Transformations

Do Ex 1A

far be it from me to do something (but…) ​(informal) used when you are just about to disagree with somebody or to criticize them and you would like them to think that you do not really want to do this. Sp. Dios me libre/ no me corresponde a mí.

E.g.

Far be it from me to interfere in your affairs but I would like to give you just one piece of advice.

 

Do Ex 2A

have/hold in store (for one) To have something awaiting one. 

E.g.

No one knows what the future holds in store. But we can try to prepare accordingly. 

Nobody knows what tomorrow has in store. Sp. Nadie sabe qué tiene guardado el mañana.

Key word transformation task

On Screen WB p 74. Language Knowledge

Do Ex 1

scout (somebody) to look for sports players, actors, musicians, etc. who have special ability, so you can offer them work. Sp. buscar

E.g.

He scouts for Manchester United.

The HR team is scouting for bright graduates to join the company.

 

Do Ex 3

ineffective in doing something The law proved ineffective in dealing with the problem. 

On Screen WB p 50. Language Knowledge

Do Ex 1

 

undoubtedly/ doubtlessly 

involuntarily adverb   /ɪnˈvɒləntrəli/

occurrence: /əˈkʌrəns/ something that happens or exists. Sp. suceso.      

E.g.

a common/everyday/frequent/regular occurrence     

Vandalism used to be a rare occurrence here.     

The program counts the number of occurrences of any word within the text.

it's an everyday occurrence Sp. es cosa de todos los días, es un hecho cotidiano
a common occurrence Sp. un hecho frecuente
that is a common occurrence Sp. eso sucede a menudo

 

by-product: /ˈbaɪ prɒdʌkt/ a thing that happens, often unexpectedly, as the result of something else. Sp. consecuencia

E.g.

One of the by-products of unemployment is an increase in crime.

The reduction in crime has been an unexpected but welcome by-product of the new policy.

 

Do Ex 3

is receiving criticism for/

has come under criticism for/

is facing criticism for

E.g.

The actress has come under criticism for her comments about her co-stars.

The government came under heavy criticism over its policies.

Close-up p 133. Contrast. Key Word Transformations

 

1. In spite of it raining every single day, I enjoyed everything that we did.
ALL
It ____________________________________________that, I enjoyed everything that we did.
2. We don't have much in common but we have a good relationship.
LITTLE
Even ________________________________________________ along very well.
3. She worked as hard as she could. However, she didn't finish on time.
MEET
In __________________________________________________________ deadline.
4. It doesn't matter how much it costs. We're simply going to have to do it.
REGARDLESS
We're simply going to have to do it,________________________________it costs.
5. Unlike his work up to now, the project he has just given to his teacher is superb.
FAR
In contrast ____________________________________________ in to his teacher is superb.

Write two more sentences using words and expressions from our last session:
6. ______________
7._______________


KEY
1. In spite of it raining every single day, I enjoyed everything that we did.
ALL
It __________________________________________that , I enjoyed everything that we did.

 

 

KEY

1.  It rained every single day, (but) for all that, I enjoyed everything that we did.

2. We don't have much in common but we have a good relationship.
LITTLE
Even ________________________________________________________along very well.

 

 

KEY

 
2. Even though we have little in common, we get along very well.

3. She worked as hard as she could. However, she didn't finish on time.
MEET
In ________________________________________________________ deadline.

 

KEY

 
3. In spite of working as hard as she could, she didn't meet the deadline.

4. It doesn't matter how much it costs. We're simply going to have to do it.
REGARDLESS
We're simply going to have to do it, ______________________________________ it costs.

 

 



KEY

 
4. We're simply going to have to do it, regardless of how much it costs.
 

5. Unlike his work up to now, the project he has just given to his teacher is superb.
FAR
In contrast_______________________________________________ in to his teacher is superb.


 

 

KEY

 
5. In contrast to his work so far, the project he has just turned/handed in to his teacher is superb.

Close-up p 64. Key Word Transformations

1. I don't have to answer to your demands.
OBLIGATION
I am ____________________ answer to your demands.
2. In our contract we have to start work at 8.00.
OBLIGED
In our contract we ___________________________ work at 8.00.
3. At the beginning I didn't need to put in very long hours.
REQUIRED
At the beginning I __________________________ put in very long hours.
4. Well, I have to quit then.
CHOICE
Well, I have __________________________ quit then.
5. You can choose whatever position you want.
FREE
You ______________________________ whatever position you want.


KEY

 

 
1. I don't have to answer to your demands.
OBLIGATION
I am ____________________ answer to your demands.

 

KEY

1. I don't have to answer to your demands.
OBLIGATION
I am under no obligation to answer to your demands.

 

2. In our contract we have to start work at 8.00.
OBLIGED
In our contract we ___________________________ work at 8.00.

 

KEY

 

2. In our contract we have to start work at 8.00.
OBLIGED
In our contract we are obliged to start work at 8.00.

 

3. At the beginning I didn't need to put in very long hours.
REQUIRED
At the beginning I __________________________ put in very long hours.

 

KEY

 

3. At the beginning I didn't need to put in very long hours.
REQUIRED
At the beginning I was not required to put in very long hours.

 

4. Well, I have to quit then.
CHOICE
Well, I have __________________________ quit then.

 

 

KEY

 

4. Well, I have to quit then.
CHOICE
Well, I have no choice but to quit then.

 

5. You can choose whatever position you want.
FREE
You ______________________________ whatever position you want.

 

 

KEY

5. You can choose whatever position you want.
FREE
You are free to choose whatever position you want.

Close-up p 61. Key Word Transformations

1.  All candidates should take a short test.
REQUIRED
All candidates ________________________ take a short test.
2.  He tried unsuccessfully to persuade her to change her mind.
ATTEMPT
He failed ___________________________ to persuade her to change her mind. 
3. He finished all his work on time.
MANAGED
He ___________________________________all his work on time.
4. After a while, we were able to repair the car.
SUCCEEDED
After a while, ____________________________ repairing the car.
5. She didn't try to help me at all.
EFFORT
She _________________________________ me at all.



KEY

1.  All candidates should take a short test.
REQUIRED
All candidates ________________________ take a short test.

 

KEY
 

1.  All candidates should take a short test.
REQUIRED
All candidates are required to take a short test.

 

 

2.  He tried unsuccessfully to persuade her to change her mind.
ATTEMPT
He failed ___________________________ to persuade her to change her mind. 

 

KEY

 
 



2.  He tried unsuccessfully to persuade her to change her mind.
ATTEMPT
He failed in his attempt to persuade her to change her mind. 

 

3. He finished all his work on time.
MANAGED
He ___________________________________all his work on time.

 

KEY
 



3. He finished all his work on time.
MANAGED
He managed to finish all his work on time.

 

4. After a while, we were able to repair the car.
SUCCEEDED
After a while, ____________________________ repairing the car.

 

KEY
 



4. After a while, we were able to repair the car.
SUCCEEDED
After a while, we succeeded in repairing the car.

 

 

5. She didn't try to help me at all.
EFFORT
She _________________________________ me at all.

 

 

KEY 



5. She didn't try to help me at all.
EFFORT
She made no effort to help me at all.

Close-up p 59. Key Word Transformations

1. The ultimate goal of many learners was to speak like a native, and that was an unrealistic expectation.
WHICH
Speaking like a native was many learners’ _________________________bar rather high.
2. The fact that many people use English as a lingua franca has led one writer to coin the term, ‘Globish’, a simplified version of English.
COINED
A simplified version of English, or __________________________ many people use English as a lingua franca.
3. We had a marvellous meal at that restaurant you recommended - incidentally, I should give you the number of a similar one I know.
WAY
We had an out of ____________________________________________to give you the number of a similar one I know.
4. Lisa doesn't talk to me, although having said that, she's doesn't take to anyone.
MIND
Lisa and I are not on __________________________________________ on fire with anyone.
5.We had better simplify the language, in order to make ourselves clear.
DOWN
We had no______________________________________________ as to make ourselves clear.


KEY
1. The ultimate goal of many learners was to speak like a native, and that was an unrealistic expectation.
WHICH
Speaking like a native was many learners’ _________________________bar rather high.

KEY

1. The ultimate goal of many learners was to speak like a native, and that was an unrealistic expectation.
WHICH
Speaking like a native was many learners’ ultimate goal, which was setting the bar rather high.

 

2. The fact that many people use English as a lingua franca has led one writer to coin the term, ‘Globish’, a simplified version of English.
COINED
A simplified version of English, or __________________________ many people use English as a lingua franca.

 

KEY

 

2. The fact that many people use English as a lingua franca has led one writer to coin the term, ‘Globish’, a simplified version of English.
COINED
A simplified version of English, or rather, Globish was coined since many people use English as a lingua franca.

3. We had a marvellous meal at that restaurant you recommended - incidentally, I should give you the number of a similar one I know.
WAY
We had an out of ____________________________________________to give you the number of a similar one I know.

KEY

3. We had a marvellous meal at that restaurant you recommended - incidentally, I should give you the number of a similar one I know.
WAY
We had an out of this world meal at that restaurant you recommended - by the way, I ought to give you the number of a similar one I know.

 

incidentally adverb/ˌɪnsɪˈdentli/ used to introduce a new topic, or some extra information, or a question that you have just thought of. Synonym by the way. E.g. Incidentally, have you heard the news about Sue?

 

 

4. Lisa doesn't talk to me, although having said that, she's doesn't take to anyone.
MIND
Lisa and I are not on __________________________________________ on fire with anyone.

 

KEY

 

4. Lisa doesn't talk to me, although having said that, she's doesn't take to anyone.
MIND
Lisa and I are not on speaking terms, but mind you, she doesn't get on like a house on fire with anyone.

 

5.We had better simplify the language, in order to make ourselves clear.
DUMB
We had no______________________________________________ as to make ourselves clear.

 

KEY

5.We had better simplify the language, in order to make ourselves clear.
DUMB
We had no option but to dumb down the language, so as to make ourselves clear.

Close-up p 57. Key Word Transformations 2

1. There’s an outside chance that Greg is still on speaking terms with Sarah after all.
NOT
Greg _______________________________ out with Sarah after all.
2. It's quite likely that Sasha wasn't punished for lying about what Doug said.
WELL
Sasha ________________________________ with lying about what Doug said.
3. The most likely situation is that they gave Grandpa a prize for defending himself against those bullies.
MUST
Grandpa _________________________________________ up to those bullies.
4. I'd be surprised if Derek has already found the time to answer your email.
OUGHT
Derek ________________________________________ round to answering your email yet.
5.Jake, is it definite that they haven't announced the winner yet?
WILL
Jake, ________________________________________________yet?
6. It's highly likely that Stephen reduced his drinking.
WELL
Stephen _________________________________________ on his drinking
7. It's not possible that Andrew agreed to undergo the programmed operation.
GONE
Andrew _____________________________________ with the operation.

KEY
1. There’s an outside chance that Greg is still on speaking terms with Sarah after all.
NOT
Greg  _______________________________ out with Sarah after all.

 

KEY

1. Greg might not have fallen out with Sarah after all.

 

2. It's quite likely that Sasha wasn't punished for lying about what Doug said.
WELL
Sasha ________________________________away with lying about what Doug said.

 

KEY

 

2. Sasha may well have got away with lying about what Doug said.

 

3. The most likely situation is that they gave Grandpa a prize for defending himself against those bullies.
MUST
Grandpa _________________________________________ up to those bullies.

 

KEY

 

3. Grandpa must have been given a prize for standing up to those bullies.

 

4. I'd be surprised if Derek has already found the time to answer your email.
OUGHT
Derek ________________________________________ round to answering your email yet.

 

KEY

 

4. Derek ought not to have got round to answering your email yet.

 

5.Jake, is it definite that they haven't announced the winner yet?
DEFINITELY
Jake, will ________________________________________________ announced yet?

 

KEY

 

5. Jake, will the winner definitely not have been announced yet?

 

6. It's highly likely that Stephen reduced his drinking.
WELL
Stephen _________________________________________ on his drinking.

 

 

KEY
 

6. Stephen may/might/could well have cut down on his drinking.

 

 

7. It's not possible that Andrew agreed to undergo the programmed operation.
GONE
Andrew _____________________________________ with the operation.

 

KEY




7. Andrew couldn't/can't have gone through with the operation. 

go through with something

1. ​to do what is necessary to complete a course of action, especially one that is difficult or unpleasant
   • She decided not to go through with (= not to have) the operation.

 

Close-up p 57. Key Word Transformations

1. Her phone must be turned off.
LIKELIHOOD
In _________________________________ on.
2. she might be aware of all the most recent developments about the COVID-19.
CHANCES


The ________________________________ abreast of the latest developments about the COVID-19.
3. Even though he might be young, he is getting to grips with three foreign languages.
AS
_____________________________________ hang of three foreign languages.  
4. However hard he studied, he could not understand the theory
MIGHT
Study ___________________________________ out the theory. 
5. He daren’t publish photos of the royal family as they might sue.
THUS
The _____________________________________ guts to publish photos of them.



  
KEY

1. Her phone must be turned off.
LIKELIHOOD
In _________________________________ on.

 

KEY

1. In all likelihood, her phone is not turned on.

2. she might be aware of all the most recent developments about the COVID-19.
CHANCES


The ________________________________ abreast of the latest developments about the COVID-19.

 

 

 

KEY


2. The chances are that she is keeping abreast of the latest developments about the COVID-19.

 

3. Even though he might be young, he is getting to grips with three foreign languages.
AS
_____________________________________ hang of three foreign languages.  

 

 

KEY

 




3. Young as he might be, he is getting the hang of three foreign languages. 

 

 

4. However hard he studied, he could not understand the theory
MIGHT
Study as ___________________________________ out the theory. 
 

KEY

 

4. Study as he might, he could not figure out the theory.  

5. He daren’t publish photos of the royal family as they might sue.
THUS
The _____________________________________ guts to publish photos of them.

 

KEY

5. The royal family might sue. Thus, he doesn't have the guts to publish photos of them. 

Close-up p 53. Key Word Transformations

1. The forest of wind turbines, which were unsightly, detracted from the beauty of the island.
DETRACTION
The unsightly ____________________________________ beauty .
2. The teacher who teaches us biology and has high competence drew an analogy between the human body and a machine.
ANALOGOUS
 Our highly ________________________________________ a machine.
3. The fact that chain stores have spread has remarkably homogenised shopping centres across the UK so they are almost all identical.
HOMOGENEOUS
The spread ___________________________________________consequence they are almost all identical.
4.Glacier shrinkage will severely affect freshwater availability.
SHRUNKEN
Freshwater _______________________________________________ glaciers.
5. She tried to become friendly with the people she thought would have her behave acceptably in class.
IN
She tried to ____________________________________________ to behave acceptably in class



KEY

 

 

1. The forest of wind turbines, which were unsightly, detracted from the beauty of the island.
DETRACTION
The unsightly ____________________________________ beauty.

 

KEY

1. The unsightly forest of wind turbines was a detraction from the island's beauty.

detract from something | detract something from something ​(not used in the progressive tenses) to make something seem less good or fun. Synonym: take away from. Sp. quitar valor. E.g. He was determined not to let anything detract from his enjoyment of the trip.

detraction: The act of detracting or taking away.

 

 

2. The teacher who teaches us biology and has high competence drew an analogy between the human body and a machine.
EXPLAINED
 Our highly ________________________________________ was analogous to a machine.

 

KEY

 

2.  Our highly competent biology teacher explained that the human body was analogous to a machine.

3. The fact that chain stores have spread has remarkably homogenised shopping centres across the UK so they are almost all identical.
MADE
The spread ___________________________________________ homogeneous across the UK, in consequence they are almost all identical.

 

KEY

3. The spread of chain stores has made shopping centres become remarkably homogeneous across the UK, in consequence they are almost all identical.

 

4.Glacier shrinkage will severely affect freshwater availability.
SHRUNKEN
Freshwater _______________________________________________ glaciers.

 

KEY

 

4. Freshwater availability will be severely affected by shrunken glaciers.

 

 

5. She tried to become friendly with the people she thought would have her behave acceptably in class.
IN
She tried to get ____________________________________________ to behave acceptably in class.

 

KEY

 

5. She tried to get in with the people she thought would get her to behave acceptably in class

Close-up p 52. Key Word Transformations.

1. People thought the match was entirely dominated by United's rival as it was very unlikely for them to win with two players ordered to leave the field in the first half.
ONE-SIDED
The ________________________________________ off in the first half.


KEY

1. The match was thought to have been entirely one-sided as United had no chance of winning with two players sent off in the first half.


2. Though a little worried about meeting her new colleagues, Christine hit it off with them from the first day.
FOR
Christine ______________________________________ famously with them from the first day.


KEY

2. Christine was a little worried about meeting her new colleagues. For all that, she got on famously with them from the first day.



3. I'll help you as best I can, but I only have a limited knowledge of laws about property.
NODDING
In ____________________________________________ laws, I'll help you as best I can.



KEY

3. In spite of having a nodding acquaintance with property laws, I'll help you as best I can.



4. As soon as the two men opened a business, they became very close and started to swindle their customers
THICK
No ______________________________________________ off. 



KEY

4. No sooner had the two men opened a business than they became as thick as thieves and started to rip their customers off.




5.  She realised she had made her boss dislike her after criticising him in a meeting.
SIDE
Only_______________________________________ him.



KEY

5. Only after having criticised her boss in a meeting did she realise she had got on the wrong side of him.

Close-up p 51. Key Word Transformations

1. People believe that  Lavender oil can relieve a large number of  minor diseases.
HOST
Lavender _________________________________________ ailments.



KEY
1.
Lavender oil is believed to relieve a (whole) host of minor ailments.


2. It is within the realm of possibility that we might achieve net zero emissions by 2050 - the target they think is needed to limit global temperature rises at 1.5C.
THOUGHT
Conceivably, net ______________________________________ cap global temperature rises at 1.5C.



KEY
2. 
 Conceivably, net zero emissions might be achieved by 2050 - the target thought to be needed  to cap global temperature rises at 1.5C. 



3.  They have a car. For all practical purposes it is a vehicle which delivers goods.
COMMERCIAL
They run a car that to all ___________________________________ vehicle. 



KEY
3. 
They run a car that to all intents and purposes is a commercial delivery vehicle.  




4. People have said that COVID-19 is like other diseases that can be transmitted and are dangerous. 
DISSIMILAR
COVID-19 __________________________________________ diseases.


KEY
4.
COVID-19 has been said not to be dissimilar to other dangerous transmittable diseases.


5. I wouldn't have thought in a thousand years that we would become products to be sold and the target of campaigns that become viral and are used for marketing.
ENTERTAIN
Not _______________________________________________________ campaigns.



KEY
5. 
Not in a thousand years would I have entertained the thought that we would become commodities and the target of viral marketing campaigns.
 

 

Close-up p 47. Key Word Transformations

1. Homeless men felt so cold that they held their arms and legs close to their body beneath thin blankets on the sidewalk.
ROUGH
So __________________________________________ huddled beneath flimsy blankets on the pavement.


KEY


So cold did men sleeping rough feel that they huddled beneath flimsy blankets on the pavement.





2. She spoke in a remarkably unemotional way about having fled the horrors of war.
FOR
She had run ___________________________________________________  matter-of-factly about it. 



KEY


She had run away from the horrors of war, for all that she spoke remarkably matter-of-factly about it. 



3. If the school continues to be held in higher regard, it will help to reduce economic inequality.
STATURE
Should ___________________________________________ back economic inequality.



KEY


Should the school continue to grow in stature, it will help to cut back economic inequality.



4. They praised the group as they had been successful in making an effort to raise funds.
COMMENDED
The _________________________________________________ efforts.


KEY

The group were commended for their successful fundraising efforts.



5.   I wanted to have an important effect on the world with a cutting-edge discovery someday. As a consequence, I chose to pursue a career in medical research
MARK
I chose to pursue a career in medical research in ______________________________________  groundbreaking discovery.



KEY


I chose to pursue a career in medical research in order to make my mark on the world with a groundbreaking discovery.