Do Ex 1
hinder: to make it difficult for somebody to do something or for something to happen. Sp. dificultar, entorpecer.
E.g.
a political situation that hinders economic growth
Some teachers felt hindered by a lack of resources.
These killings have seriously hindered progress towards peace.
stifle something to prevent something from happening; to prevent a feeling from being expressed. Suppress.
E.g.
They hope the new rules will not stifle creativity.
The government failed to stifle the unrest.
flounder: /ˈflaʊndə(r)/ to have a lot of problems and to be in danger of failing completely. Sp. tener problemas.
E.g.
At that time the industry was floundering.
The new democracy there continues to flounder.
John floundered helplessly on his first day at work. Sp. John tuvo problemas en su primer día de trabajo.
foster something to encourage something to develop. Synonym encourage, promote. Sp. fomentar, promover.
E.g.
The club's aim is to foster better relations within the community.
cultivate something /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ to develop an attitude, a way of talking or behaving, etc.
E.g.
We’re trying to help these kids cultivate an interest in science.
Education should cultivate the mind as well as teach skills.
She cultivated an air of sophistication.
This modern image is actively cultivated by the company.
Try to cultivate a more relaxed and positive approach to life.
The company has been successful in cultivating a very professional image.
Try to cultivate an attitude of detachment. Sp. Trata de cultivar una actitud desapegada.
expedite something: /ˈekspədaɪt/ to make a process happen more quickly. Speed up. Sp. acelerar.
E.g.
We have developed rapid order processing to expedite deliveries to customers.
strategies to expedite the decision-making process.
Something needs to be done to expedite the process.
referee: /ˌrefəˈriː/ a person who gives information about your character and ability, usually in a letter, for example when you are applying for a job.
E.g.
The principal often acts as a referee for his students.
His former employer agreed to act as a referee for him.
She gave her college tutor as her referee to the interviewer.
arbitrator /ˈɑːbɪtreɪtə(r)/ a person who is chosen to settle a disagreement.
E.g.
An outside arbitrator may be appointed in such cases.
Where no agreement can be reached, the matter will be referred to an independent arbitrator.
The arbitrator ruled that the worker had been unfairly dismissed.
evaluator: someone whose job is to judge the quality, importance, amount, or value of something.
E.g.
An independent evaluator was brought in to assess the company's business plan.
Kyle found a job as an evaluator of residential properties. Sp. Kyle encontró trabajo como evaluador/ tasador de propiedades residenciales.
Do Ex 2
lame duck:
1. a person, thing or an organization that is not very successful and that needs help.
E.g.
The government should not spend money on helping lame ducks.
That guy is such a lame duck; he's never going to make anything of his life. Sp. Este tipo es un fracaso, nunca logrará ser nadie en la vida.
The new system is a lame duck that was never fit for purpose and doesn't get used.
2. a politician or government whose period of office will soon end and who will not be elected again.
E.g.
a lame-duck president/administration
burn the midnight oil: to study or work until late at night.
E.g.
Lawmakers were burning the midnight oil last night, as the debate continued.
Once again, John is burning the midnight oil working all night in order to finish his report.
be given the boot | get the boot (informal) to be told that you must leave your job or that a relationship you are having with somebody is over.
E.g.
He should have been given the boot years ago.
The chairman denied that he had been given the boot.
He should have got the boot years ago.
It is expected that Martin will be given the boot; he is incompetent and constantly late for work
have your work cut out (for you) used to say that it will be very difficult to do something. To have something very difficult to do. To have to deal with a very difficult task.
E.g.
The team will have their work cut out if they are to win the competition.
She'll really have her work cut out to finish all those reports by the end of the week
Alison has her work cut out for her, as she has to type the whole report over again
a whale of a job: an excellent piece of work.
e.g.
Mr Richard was impressed and congratulated David on a whale of a job that he had done on the new project.
a whale of a: used to refer to a very great amount of something or a very good thing
E.g.
That's a whale of a story.
Another thousand dollars would make a whale of a difference.
have a whale of a time (informal) to enjoy yourself very much; to have a very good time.
E.g.
The kids had a whale of a time at the theme park.
Do Ex 3
e.g. The sales team is brimming with ideas to improve sales figures.
Der.: brimful (adj)
ooze (v): to clearly show a strong feeling
e.g. Peter is really positive; he oozes confidence!
radiate (v): to make a feeling obvious by your behaviour
e.g. Emily radiated determination and self-assurance; she looks so professional!
Der.: radiator (n), radiation (n), radiant (adj), radiance (n)
exude (v): /ɪɡˈzjuːd/ to make a quality apparent by your attitude
e.g. Denise clearly exudes pride when she boasts of her great new sales figures.
give sb their walking papers (idm): to tell sb that they are laid off
e.g. Wendy was given her walking papers when her supervisor saw her leaving the office much earlier than she was supposed to.
give sb notice (phr): to tell sb that they will lose their job
e.g. Although Mitch is the fastest worker in the office, he was given notice by his boss and eventually lost his job.
dismissal (n): the act of firing sb from a job
e.g. Much to the surprise of everyone, the director announced the dismissal of ten employees following funding cuts.
be given your marching orders (idm): to be told that you are fired because you did sth wrong
e.g. After denying accusations of giving out false information, Charles was given his marching orders.
requisite (of/for sth) (adj): necessary
e.g. Employees are expected to have a post graduate degree, as it is a requisite for most positions within this company.
Der.: requisition (v/n)
mandatory (for sb) /ˈmændətəri/ (adj): that must be done
e.g. Additional classes are mandatory for all students and must be attended.
indispensable[to sb, for/in (doing) sth] /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl/ (adj): that you cannot do without
e.g. Mobile phones have become indispensable to most people, and users often cannot do without them.
obligatory (for sb) /əˈblɪɡətri/ (adj): that must be done
e.g. A driving licence is an obligatory requirement, in order to be able to work in certain occupations.
prosperous (adj): /ˈprɒspərəs/ wealthy
e.g. All factors indicate that software companies will have a prosperous and profitable future.
Der.: prosperity (n)
profitable (adj): (of a business) financially beneficial
e.g. The company is highly profitable; sales have generated huge revenue.
Der.: profitability (n)
bankable (adj): /ˈbæŋkəbl/ (of a film/star) guaranteed to bring profit. Likely to make money for somebody.
e.g.
lucrative (adj): money-making
e.g. Gregory and his family run a highly lucrative business that makes huge profits.
menial jobs/work
menial tasks like cleaning the floor
They were left to ponder on the implications of the announcement.
The senator pondered the question for a moment.
We intend to ponder all the alternatives before acting.
a pool of cheap labour
I started my career in the typing pool (= a group of people who shared a company’s typing work) over 40 years ago.
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