Objective Proficiency p 28. All, Every, Each. Extra Grammar

In the text on page 28 exercise 2 we come across the expression "every waking moment"

Waking: used to describe time when you are awake. E.g. She spends all her waking hours caring for her mother. He thought of her every waking moment. 

All, Every, Each
Fill in the gaps with all, whole, every or each. Add of where necessary.
1. __________ is well.
2. My friends ______ think I'm crazy
3. We __________ think Ann’s working too hard.
4. They are ___________ tired
5. You should __________ get a pen to answer the questions.
6. We _________ went running together
7. ___________ students must wear uniforms
8. ____________ information is confidential
9. ___________ these cars are for sale
10. They weren’t able to stay for the _________ concert
11. After I've been sitting at my computer _______ day I can't wait to go out for a run.
12. I was really surprised when I managed to run the ____________ way
13. There’s a bus ________ ten minutes
14. He had ___________ opportunity to complete the work.
15. We wish you ________ success in your new job
16. Not ___________ chair is broken
17. His team lost almost ________ game
18. She was wearing a fine gold chain on ______ ankle
19. I asked many people and _________ gave the same answer.
20. ___________ the drawings is slightly different




KEY

1. all 



2. all



3. all 



4. all 



5. all 



6. all 



7. All 



8. All 



9. All (of) 



10. whole 



11. all 



12. whole 



13. every 



14. every 



15. every 



16. every 



17. every 



18. each 



19. each 



20. Each of

Theory
   
All is used when you are thinking of a collection as a whole rather than its individual items.

Every is used to refer to each individual item.

It is often a difference in form more than in meaning. For example, all of us means the same thing as every one of us.

All can be a pronoun all by itself, whereas every cannot. Example:
All is well.
However, we use everyone/everything rather than all by itself
Everyone laughed at his jokes
Everything was a mess

We sometimes use all after the noun it refers to:
- His songs all sound much the same to me.
- My friends all think I'm crazy
Or:
- All of his songs sound…
- All of my friends think...

- We all think Ann’s working too hard.
Or:
- All of us think…

Notice that we usually put all after the verb be and after the first auxiliary verb:
They are all tired.
You should all get a pen to answer the questions.

If there is no auxiliary, we usually put all before the verb:
We all went running together

We use all with plural nouns and uncountable nouns to make very general statements:
All cars have breaks
All students must wear uniforms
All information is confidential

We use all (of) before determiners plus nouns to make more specific statements
All (of) these cars are for sale
All (of) the information you asked for is on our web site


Before singular countable nouns we usually use the whole rather than all the:
They weren’t able to stay for the whole concert ( rather than…for all the concert)
I thought the whole event was brilliant.

Before day/ week/ night/ month/ summer, etc. we prefer all rather than the whole
E.g. After I've been sitting at my computer all day I can't wait to go out for a run.
I might go all week without a run.

We can use all the or the whole before way and time:
E.g. I was really surprised when I managed to run all the way. (or the whole way)

Often we can use every or each with little difference in meaning.
We use every to talk about three or more things or people.

Every means all things or people in a group of three or more.

We use every when we talk about something happening at regular intervals:
Every single day
Every so often
Every now and again (occasionally)
There’s a bus every ten minutes
Take two tablets every four hours
The average Briton moves house once every seven and a half years
We meet twice every Sunday

We use every when we want to emphasize “as many/much as possible” with nouns such as possibility, chance, reason, success.
She has every chance of success in her application for the job
He had every opportunity to complete the work.
We wish you every success in your new job

We use every after virtually, almost, nearly...to emphasise we are talking about a group as a whole. We cannot use each here because each is more targeted on the individual among the totality, every on the totality itself. In consequence, every is subject to quantitative modification.
Almost every candidate was over the age of twenty-five
Almost every chair is broken
Not every chair is broken
His team lost almost every game
We run nearly every day

We use each when we are talking about two or more things:
I only had two suitcases, but each one weighed over 20 kilos.
She was wearing a fine gold chain on each ankle

We use each as a pronoun:
I asked many people and each gave the same answer.

We use each of (not every of) before determiners with plural nouns:
Each of her cars was a different colour
Each of the drawings is slightly different
We feel quite differently about each of our children

We use each of before plural pronouns:
Each of you must work alone

Each one and every one can be used before of instead of each, for emphasis.
This view of poverty influences each one of us


Here and here you will find some explanations