Objective Proficiency p 32. Keys and Vocabulary

Ex 1
KEY 
A Japanese Tea Ceremony

A bride and groom cutting their tiered wedding cake 

Tiered: /tɪəd/ arranged in tiers (rows or layers). E.g. Tiered seating. A tiered wedding cake.

Other examples:
Kiss under the mistletoe
Mistletoe makes its annual appearance each December as millions of Americans and Europeans hang a sprig (small branch) of it in their doorways during the holiday season. According to custom, if you're caught standing under the mistletoe, you may get a kiss. 

Bonfires

Blowing the birthday candles:

 


Eating the twelve grapes on New Year's Eve

 
Another example of ritual behaviour in eating and drinking is making a toast at an official dinner, or at family get-togethers, where everyone raises a glass and drinks to something or someone.

Ex 2
KEY
Before the meal: phone calls to relations, preparation of lots of food
During the meal: eating, praising the food, criticism of family members, family disputes, more general arguments about politics, coffee, senior member leaves, end of event

Vocabulary

• Praise: /preɪz/ to express your approval or admiration for somebody/something. 
• Slip into: 1. to pass into a particular state or situation. E.g. He began to slip into debt.The patient had slipped into a coma. 2. To put clothes on. E.g. To slip into/out of a dress.
• Snide: /snaɪd/ criticizing somebody/something in an unkind and indirect way. Malicioso. E.g. Snide comments/remarks. Adv. snidely
• Surfacing: /ˈsɜːf ɪs ɪŋ/ sudden appearance after having been hidden for a while. Emergence. E.g. The surfacing of ancient grudges and petty family rivalries.
• Grudge: /ɡrʌdʒ/ a feeling of anger or dislike towards somebody because of something bad they have done to you in the past. Rencor E.g. I bear him no grudge. He has a grudge against the world. She has harboured a grudge against me for years. I don't hold any grudges now.
• Petty: /ˈpeti/ small and unimportant. E.g. petty crime/theft (= that is not very serious).
• Rivalry: /ˈraɪvlri/ plural: rivalries 
• At large:  (used after a noun) as a whole; in general. E.g. The opinion of the public at large.
• Hunt sth out/down: to search for something until you find it. E.g. We hunted down their phone number and gave them a call. I hunted out my old school photos to show Mary.  
• Jug: /dʒʌɡ/ a container with a handle and a lip, for holding and pouring liquids. Jarra.  E.g. A milk/water jug.
• Valiant: /ˈvæliənt/ very brave or determined. E.g. Valiant warriors. She made a valiant attempt not to laugh.
• Prevail: /prɪˈveɪl/ to be accepted, especially after a struggle or an argument. Triumph. E.g. Justice will prevail over tyranny. Fortunately, common sense prevailed. 
• Hand down: to officially give a decision/statement, etc. Transmitir. E.g. The judge has handed down his verdict.  
• Take (your) leave (of somebody): (formal) to say goodbye. E.g. With a nod and a smile, she took leave of her friends.
• Draw + adverb/preposition: to move in the direction mentioned. E.g. The train drew into the station. (Figurative) The meeting was drawing to a close.

Sample answer: Melbourne 
Vocabulary

• Succulent: /ˈsʌkjələnt/ containing a lot of juice and tasting good. E.g. A succulent pear/steak. 
• Leisurely: /ˈleʒəli/ Adj. done without hurrying. E.g. A leisurely meal. They set off at a leisurely pace. Adv: E.g. Couples strolled leisurely along the beach.
• Affair: an event. E.g. She wanted the celebration to be a simple family affair. 
• Punctuate: /ˈpʌŋktʃueɪt/ to interrupt something at intervals. E.g. Her speech was punctuated by bursts of applause. He punctuates his conversation with snatches (small parts) of song. 
• Wheel somebody/something (+ adverb/preposition): to move somebody/something that is in or on something that has wheels. E.g. The nurse wheeled him along the corridor.
• Adjourn to: /əˈdʒɜːn/ (formal or humorous) to go to another place, especially in order to relax. E.g. I suggest we adjourn to the bar for a drink. 

Ex 3
KEY
The narrator Triton is Mister Salgado's cook.

Vocabulary

• Reef: a long line of rocks or sand near the surface of the sea. Sp. Arrecife. E.g. a coral reef. The Great Barrier Reef.
• Poya or Poya Day is the name given to a Buddhist public holiday in Sri Lanka which occurs every full moon day.
• Nonchalant: /ˈnɒnʃələnt/ behaving in a calm and relaxed way; giving the impression that you are not feeling any anxiety. Casual. Sp. Despreocupado. E.g. to appear/look/sound nonchalant. ‘It'll be fine,’ she replied, with a nonchalant shrug.
• Patty: a small pie. E.g. Patties are one of the most favorite snacks eaten around Sri Lanka.

• Cucumber: /ˈkjuːkʌmbə(r)/
• Love cake is served at Sri Lankan weddings, birthdays and some other celebrations. 

  

• It is just as well (that…):  it is a good thing. E.g. It is just as well that we didn't leave any later or we'd have missed him.
• Bulge:  to stick out from something in a round shape. Sp. Sobresalir. E.g. His eyes bulged. South of Benghazi the coastline bulges out then in.
• Cane: the hard hollow stem of some plants, for example bamboo or sugar. They can be used as a material for making furniture, etc. Sp. Mimbre. E.g. a cane chair 
• Coil: to wind into a series of circles; to make something do this. Sp. Enrollar. E.g. The snake coiled up, ready to strike. Mist coiled around the tops of the hills. To coil a rope into a loop. 
• Chunk: a thick solid piece that has been cut or broken off something. Sp. Pedazo, trozo. E.g. A chunk of cheese. 
• Low: (v) when a cow lows, it makes a deep sound. Moo. Sp. Mugir. E.g. She made a lowing sound between bites.
• Glisten: /ˈɡlɪsn/ to shine. E.g. Her eyes were glistening with tears. Sweat glistened on his forehead. 
• Smudge something: to make a dirty mark on a surface. E.g. The mirror was smudged with fingerprints.
• Dimple: to make a hollow place appear on each of your cheeks, especially by smiling. Sp. Hoyuelo. E.g. I didn't know he had dimples.
• Unstinting: /ʌnˈstɪntɪŋ/ given or giving generously. E.g. unstinting support. 
• Morass: /məˈræs/ 1. an unpleasant and complicated situation that is difficult to escape from. Sp. Lío. E:g. a morass of lies and deceit. 2. a dangerous area of low soft wet land. Sp. Ciénaga. E.g. And even to this day the ground on either bank (in most places), for a hundred yards or more, is a dangerous morass.
• Coming of age: the time when a person reaches the age at which they have an adult's legal rights and responsibilities. E.g. My coming of age was bliss (extreme happiness).
• Endear somebody/yourself to somebody: /ɪnˈdɪə(r)/ to make somebody/yourself popular. Sp. Hacerse querer. E.g. Their policies on taxation didn't endear them to voters. She was a talented teacher who endeared herself to all who worked with her.
• Croak: /krəʊk/  to make a rough low sound, like the sound a frog makes. E.g. A frog croaked by the water.
• Roll: to move smoothly (on wheels or as if on wheels); to make something do this. (+ Adverb/preposition) E.g. The car began to roll back down the hill. The traffic rolled slowly forwards. Mist was rolling in from the sea. 
• Veer: /vɪə(r)/ to change direction suddenly. E.g. The bus veered onto the wrong side of the road. It is still not clear why the missile veered off course. 
• Wobble: to move from side to side in an unsteady way. Sp. Tambalearse, temblar. E.g. Don't wobble the table—I'm trying to write
• Rim: the metal edge of a wheel onto which the tyre is fixed. E.g. The wheels wobbled, making the whitewalls around the rim go fuzzy (not clear).
• Whitewalls or Whitewall tires have a stripe or entire sidewall of white rubber. 

 

• Seam: a line along which two edges of cloth, etc. are joined or sewn together. Sp. Costura. E.g. A shoulder seam.
• Be falling/coming apart at the seams: (informal) to be going very badly wrong and likely to stop functioning completely. E.g. She was falling apart at the seams, spending most of her time in tears. His little world fell apart at the seams.
• Pull together: to act, work, etc. together with other people in an organized way and without fighting. Sp. Aunar esfuerzos. E.g In times of crisis communities pull together. 
• Mutton: /ˈmʌtn/ meat from a fully grown sheep. E.g. I made mutton patties.
• Estate-fresh: Goods that are new. E.g Estate-fresh, up-country broken orange pekoe tip-top tea.
• Up-country: connected with an area of a country that is not near large towns.
• Pekoe: A high-quality black tea made from young leaves.
• Tip-top: excellent. E.g. The house is in tip-top condition.
• Murmur: /ˈmɜːmə(r)/ to say something in a soft quiet voice that is difficult to hear or understand. E.g.She would murmur her approval.
• Longingly: feeling or showing that you want something very much. E.g. He would look longingly 
• Glow: the pink colour in your face. E.g. Feel the glow of coriander
• Coriander: a plant whose leaves are used in cooking as a herb and whose seeds are used in cooking as a spice. Sp. Cilantro.

• Subdue: /səbˈdjuː/ to calm or control your feelings. E.g. Subdue the nerves. Julia had to subdue an urge to stroke his hair.
• Salver: /ˈsælvə(r)/ a large plate, usually made of metal, on which drinks or food are served at a formal event. Sp. Bandeja. E.g. On a small salver. A silver salver.

Background information
Vocabulary 

• Shortlist: to put somebody/something on a shortlist (a small number of candidates for a job, prize etc, who have been chosen from all the people who applied). Sp. Preseleccionada. E.g. His first novel was shortlisted for the Booker prize in 1994.