America has been
"Malled." The "air-conditioned, sanitized, standardized" shopping malls
"have become the new Main Streets of America"
Read the article on acrwebsite.org
Adapted from Objective Proficiency p 43
KEY
1 D
authority:
authority (on something) a person with special knowledge. Specialist. E.g. She's an authority on criminal law.
Standardize (-ise) /ˈstændədaɪz/
standardize something to make objects or activities of the same type have the same features or qualities; to make something standard. E.g. a standardized contract/ design/ test.
2 A
put forward: to officially suggest that someone should be considered for a particular job or position. Put someone forward as/ for something: Your name was put forward as a possible team leader. Put someone forward to do something: I've thought about putting myself forward to chair the meeting.
set up:
1 to build something or put something somewhere. E.g. The police set up roadblocks on routes out of the city.
2 to arrange for something to happen. E.g. I've set up a meeting for Friday.
3 to create something or start it. E.g. to set up a business. A fund will be set up for the dead men's families.
pick something up: to get information or a skill by chance rather than by making a deliberate effort. E.g. to pick up bad habits. Here's a tip I picked up from my mother. She picked up Spanish when she was living in Mexico. Where did you pick up that idea?
pick: to choose somebody/something from a group of people or things. Pick somebody/ something Pick a number from one to twenty. She picked the best cake for herself. He picked his words carefully. Have I picked a bad time to talk to you?
bring out:
1 to make something appear. E.g. A crisis brings out the best in her.
2 to make something easy to see or understand. E.g. That dress really brings out the colour of your eyes.
3 to produce something; to publish something. E.g. The band have just brought out their second album
out of the blue: unexpectedly; without warning. E.g. The decision came out of the blue.
3 C
conceive: /kənˈsiːv/ to form an idea, a plan, etc. in your mind; to imagine something. E.g. conceive something He conceived the idea of transforming the old power station into an arts centre. Conceive of something (as something) God is often conceived of as male. Conceive (that)… I cannot conceive (= I do not believe) (that) he would wish to harm us. Conceive what/ how, etc… I cannot conceive what it must be like.
devise something to invent something new or a new way of doing something. E.g. A new system has been devised to control traffic in the city.
4 B
converge: to move towards a place from different directions and meet. E.g. Thousands of supporters converged on London for the rally.
cluster: to come together in a small group or groups. E.g. cluster together The children clustered together in the corner of the room.
group: to gather into a group; to make somebody/ something form a group. E.g. group somebody/ something/ yourself (round/ around somebody/ something) The children grouped themselves around their teacher.
rally: to come together or bring people together in order to help or support somebody/something. E.g. The cabinet rallied behind the Prime Minister.Many national newspapers rallied to his support.
5 A
say
surpass: to do or be better than somebody/ something. E.g. He hopes one day to surpass the world record.
harsh: cruel, severe and unkind. E.g. The punishment was harsh and unfair. The minister received some harsh criticism.
6 D
consequence
sequel: /ˈsiːkwəl/ something that happens after an earlier event or as a result of an earlier event. E.g. There was an interesting sequel to these events later in the year.
the upshot: the final result of a series of events. E.g. The upshot of it all was that he left college and got a job.
follow-up: an action or a thing that continues something that has already started or comes after something similar that was done earlier. E.g. The book is a follow-up to her excellent television series. Despite the success of his last album, there are as yet no plans for any follow-ups.
7 B
paralleled
parallel: to be similar to something; to happen at the same time as something. E.g. Their legal system parallels our own. The rise in unemployment is paralleled by an increase in petty crime.
correspond (to something): to be similar to or the same as something else. E.g. The British job of Lecturer corresponds roughly to the US Associate Professor.
correlate with something: if a fact, figure, etc. correlates with another, the facts are closely connected and affect or depend on each other. E.g. A high-fat diet correlates with a greater risk of heart disease.
equate: /iˈkweɪt/
equate something (with something) to think that something is the same as something else or is as important. E.g. Some parents equate education with exam success. I don't see how you can equate the two things.
equate to something: to be equal to something else. E.g. A $5000 raise equates to 25%.
8 C
enhance something: /ɪnˈhɑːns/ to increase or further improve the good quality, value or status of somebody/ something. E.g. This is an opportunity to enhance the reputation of the company. The skilled use of make-up to enhance your best features.
raise something (to something): to increase the amount or level of something. E.g. to raise salaries/ prices/ taxes. They raised their offer to $500. We need to raise public awareness of the issue. How can we raise standards in schools?
magnify something: to make something bigger, louder or stronger. E.g. The sound was magnified by the high roof. The dry summer has magnified the problem of water shortages.
heighten: if a feeling or an effect heightens, or something heightens it, it becomes stronger or increases. E.g. Tension has heightened after the recent bomb attack.
heighten something E.g. The campaign is intended to heighten public awareness of the disease. His breakdown was followed by a period of heightened activity. Fears of further racial conflict were heightened by news of the riots. The drug is said to give users a heightened sense of well-being.
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