Objective Proficiency p 40. Keys and Vocabulary

Ex 1
KEY

1 undertook 
undertake to do something/ undertake that… to agree or promise that you will do something. E.g. He undertook to finish the job by Friday.


2 glorious 



3 encircled 
marsh: an area of low land that is always soft and wet because there is nowhere for the water to flow away to. E.g. Cows were grazing on the marshes. After so much rain, the field had become a marsh (= a very wet area).

(not) in your right mind: (not) mentally normal. E.g. No one in their right mind would consider an 80-year-old woman a military target.



4 uninviting
 

5 antiquity 
sweep + adverb/preposition: to move quickly and/or smoothly, especially in a way that impresses or is intended to impress other people. E.g. Without another word she swept out of the room.

panic-stricken: extremely anxious about something, in a way that prevents you from thinking clearly. Hysterical. E.g. He sounded panic-stricken on the phone.Jack caught a glimpse of her panic-stricken face.

 

6 inhabitants 



7 perpetually 
feud: /fjuːd/ feud (with somebody) to have an angry and bitter argument with somebody over a long period of time. E.g. He has been feuding with his brother for years. Feuding families/ gangs (Sp. enemistadas).


8 gratitude/ gratefulness
spare: to save somebody/yourself from having to go through an unpleasant experience. E.g. spare somebody/ yourself something He wanted to spare his mother any anxiety. Venice has been spared the motor car. Please spare me(= do not tell me) the gruesome details.You could have spared yourself an unnecessary trip by phoning in advance. Spare somebody/yourself from something She was spared from the ordeal of appearing in court.


Ex 2
KEY

1 have no alternative but to ask





2 known there was going to / would be a delay OR known about the delay




3 was made to / had to shoulder the financial burden of

• Burden: a duty, responsibility, etc. that causes worry, difficulty or hard work. Sp. Carga. E.g. to bear/carry/ease/reduce/share the burden. The main burden of caring for old people falls on the state. The heavy tax burden on working people. I don't want to become a burden to my children when I'm old.
• Shoulder: /ˈʃəʊldə(r)/ to accept the responsibility for something. Sp. Cargar con. E.g. to shoulder the responsibility/blame for something. Women who shoulder the double burden of childcare and full-time work.

4 he was on the verge of tears/crying




5 you find it necessary / it be necessary to contact me urgently
 


6 hotel is bound to be good as/because/since Pablo